Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

329 questions · 345 findings · 49 reviews · Schizophrenia

No studies found 23 · 6.7%GRADE not reported 17 · 4.9%Very low 117 · 33.9%Low 87 · 25.2%Moderate 91 · 26.4%High 10 · 2.9%

CHLORPROMAZINE LOW DOSE (≤ 400 mg/day) vs MEDIUM DOSE (401 mg/day to 800 mg/day)

Global state: no improvement ‐ short term · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether CHLORPROMAZINE LOW DOSE (≤ 400 mg/day) changes global state: no improvement ‐ short term compared with MEDIUM DOSE (401 mg/day to 800 mg/day) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

CHLORPROMAZINE LOW DOSE (≤ 400 mg/day) vs MEDIUM DOSE (401 mg/day to 800 mg/day)

Adverse effects: any observed extrapyramidal symptoms ‐ short term (up to 6 months) · patients with schizophrenia

CHLORPROMAZINE LOW DOSE (≤ 400 mg/day) probably leads to lower adverse effects: extrapyramidal symptoms (unspecified extrapyramidal… compared with MEDIUM DOSE (401 mg/day to 800 mg/day) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

CHLORPROMAZINE vs Clotiapine

Adverse effects: incidence of serious adverse effects. Movement disorders ‐ dyskinesia ‐short‐term · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether chlorpromazine changes adverse effects: incidence of serious adverse effects. Movement… compared with clotiapine (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Service utilisation: hospital admission (short term) · patients with schizophrenia

The intervention showed no clear difference in service utilisation: hospital admission (short term) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Yoga vs NON‐STANDARD CARE

Behaviour: Leaving the study early (short‐term) · patients with schizophrenia

YOGA probably leads to lower leaving the study early: short term compared with NON‐STANDARD CARE (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

WENDAN DECOCTION vs placebo or no treatment

Global state: Clinically important change ‐ no improvement ‐ defined as PANSS < 50% reduction (short term) · patients with schizophrenia

WENDAN DECOCTION may leads to lower global state: Clinically important change ‐ no improvement ‐ defined… compared with PLACEBO OR NO TREATMENT (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

WENDAN DECOCTION vs antipsychotics

Adverse effects: any observed extrapyramidal symptoms ‐ short term (up to 6 months) · patients with schizophrenia

WENDAN DECOCTION probably leads to lower adverse effects: Movement disorders ‐ Extra Pyramidal Symptoms… compared with ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUG (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

WENDAN DECOCTION PLUS NORMAL DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTIC vs STANDARD DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS

Global state: Clinically important change ‐ no improvement ‐ defined as PANSS < 50% reduction (short term) · patients with schizophrenia

WENDAN DECOCTION PLUS NORMAL DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTIC probably leads to lower global state: Clinically important change ‐ no improvement ‐ defined… compared with NORMAL DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTIC (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

WENDAN DECOCTION PLUS NORMAL DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTIC vs STANDARD DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS

Adverse effects: any observed extrapyramidal symptoms ‐ short term (up to 6 months) · patients with schizophrenia

WENDAN DECOCTION PLUS NORMAL DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTIC probably leads to lower adverse effects: Movement disorders ‐ Extra Pyramidal Symptoms… compared with NORMAL DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTIC (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

WENDAN DECOCTION PLUS LOW DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTIC vs STANDARD DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS

Global state: Clinically important change ‐ no improvement ‐ defined as PANSS < 50% reduction (short term) · patients with schizophrenia

WENDAN DECOCTION PLUS LOW DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTIC probably leads to lower global state: Clinically important change ‐ no improvement ‐ defined… compared with NORMAL DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTIC (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

WENDAN DECOCTION PLUS LOW DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTIC vs STANDARD DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTICS

Adverse effects: any observed extrapyramidal symptoms ‐ short term (up to 6 months) · patients with schizophrenia

WENDAN DECOCTION PLUS LOW DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTIC probably leads to lower adverse effects: Movement disorders ‐ Extra Pyramidal Symptoms… compared with NORMAL DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTIC (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review