What do systematic reviews say?

High protein vs low protein intake (restricted to studies meeting all a priori inclusion criteria)

• Higher versus lower protein intake in formula‐fed low birth weight infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  5 studies · 114 participants
  Low

Very high protein vs low protein intake (restricted to studies meeting all a priori inclusion criteria)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Higher versus lower protein intake in formula‐fed low birth weight infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Very high protein vs high protein intake (restricted to studies meeting all a priori inclusion criteria)

• Higher versus lower protein intake in formula‐fed low birth weight infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 77 participants
  Moderate

Very high protein vs high protein intake (restricted to studies meeting all a priori inclusion criteria)

• Higher versus lower protein intake in formula‐fed low birth weight infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 77 participants
  Moderate

Very high protein vs high protein intake (restricted to studies meeting all a priori inclusion criteria)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Higher versus lower protein intake in formula‐fed low birth weight infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Very high protein vs high protein intake (restricted to studies meeting all a priori inclusion criteria)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Higher versus lower protein intake in formula‐fed low birth weight infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Very high protein vs high protein intake (restricted to studies meeting all a priori inclusion criteria)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Higher versus lower protein intake in formula‐fed low birth weight infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

High protein vs low protein intake (restricted to studies meeting all a priori inclusion criteria)

• Higher versus lower protein intake in formula‐fed low birth weight infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 48 participants
  Low

High protein vs low protein intake (restricted to studies meeting all a priori inclusion criteria)

• Higher versus lower protein intake in formula‐fed low birth weight infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 18 participants
  Very low

High protein vs low protein intake (restricted to studies meeting all a priori inclusion criteria)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Higher versus lower protein intake in formula‐fed low birth weight infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

High protein vs low protein intake (restricted to studies meeting all a priori inclusion criteria)

• Higher versus lower protein intake in formula‐fed low birth weight infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 46 participants
  Low

Very high protein vs low protein intake (restricted to studies meeting all a priori inclusion criteria)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Higher versus lower protein intake in formula‐fed low birth weight infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Very high protein vs low protein intake (restricted to studies meeting all a priori inclusion criteria)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Higher versus lower protein intake in formula‐fed low birth weight infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Very high protein vs low protein intake (restricted to studies meeting all a priori inclusion criteria)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Higher versus lower protein intake in formula‐fed low birth weight infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Very high protein vs low protein intake (restricted to studies meeting all a priori inclusion criteria)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Higher versus lower protein intake in formula‐fed low birth weight infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Maintenance fluids vs restricted fluids

Maintenance fluids showed no clear difference in death ‐ all participants compared with restricted fluids (low certainty).

• Fluid therapy for acute bacterial meningitis 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.82 [0.53, 1.27]
  2 studies · 407 participants
  Low

Maintenance fluids vs restricted fluids

Maintenance fluids showed no clear difference in severe neurological sequelae ‐ acute (within the first 4 weeks) compared with restricted fluids (low certainty).

• Fluid therapy for acute bacterial meningitis 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.67 [0.41, 1.08]
  2 studies · 407 participants
  Low

Maintenance fluids vs restricted fluids

It is very uncertain whether maintenance fluids changes severe neurological sequelae ‐ chronic (after the first 4 weeks) compared with restricted fluids (very low certainty).

• Fluid therapy for acute bacterial meningitis 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.42 [0.2, 0.89]
  1 study · 351 participants
  Very low

Restriction of pacifier use vs no restriction

Restriction of pacifier use showed no clear difference in proportion of infants exclusively breastfed at 4‐6 months compared with no restriction (moderate certainty).

• Effect of restricted pacifier use in breastfeeding term infants for increasing duration of breastfeeding 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.01 [0.94, 1.09]
  1 study · 970 participants
  Moderate

Restriction of pacifier use vs no restriction

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Effect of restricted pacifier use in breastfeeding term infants for increasing duration of breastfeeding 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found