What do systematic reviews say?

Low protein diet vs normal protein diet

• Protein restriction for diabetic kidney disease 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 80 participants
  Very low

Low protein diet vs normal protein diet

• Protein restriction for diabetic kidney disease 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  7 studies · 471 participants
  GRADE not reported

High protein vs low protein intake (restricted to studies meeting all a priori inclusion criteria)

• Higher versus lower protein intake in formula‐fed low birth weight infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  5 studies · 114 participants
  Low

Very high protein vs low protein intake (restricted to studies meeting all a priori inclusion criteria)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Higher versus lower protein intake in formula‐fed low birth weight infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Very high protein vs high protein intake (restricted to studies meeting all a priori inclusion criteria)

• Higher versus lower protein intake in formula‐fed low birth weight infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 77 participants
  Moderate

Very high protein vs high protein intake (restricted to studies meeting all a priori inclusion criteria)

• Higher versus lower protein intake in formula‐fed low birth weight infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 77 participants
  Moderate

Very high protein vs high protein intake (restricted to studies meeting all a priori inclusion criteria)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Higher versus lower protein intake in formula‐fed low birth weight infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Very high protein vs high protein intake (restricted to studies meeting all a priori inclusion criteria)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Higher versus lower protein intake in formula‐fed low birth weight infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Very high protein vs high protein intake (restricted to studies meeting all a priori inclusion criteria)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Higher versus lower protein intake in formula‐fed low birth weight infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

High protein vs low protein intake (restricted to studies meeting all a priori inclusion criteria)

• Higher versus lower protein intake in formula‐fed low birth weight infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 48 participants
  Low

High protein vs low protein intake (restricted to studies meeting all a priori inclusion criteria)

• Higher versus lower protein intake in formula‐fed low birth weight infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 18 participants
  Very low

High protein vs low protein intake (restricted to studies meeting all a priori inclusion criteria)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Higher versus lower protein intake in formula‐fed low birth weight infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

High protein vs low protein intake (restricted to studies meeting all a priori inclusion criteria)

• Higher versus lower protein intake in formula‐fed low birth weight infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 46 participants
  Low

Very high protein vs low protein intake (restricted to studies meeting all a priori inclusion criteria)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Higher versus lower protein intake in formula‐fed low birth weight infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Very high protein vs low protein intake (restricted to studies meeting all a priori inclusion criteria)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Higher versus lower protein intake in formula‐fed low birth weight infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Very high protein vs low protein intake (restricted to studies meeting all a priori inclusion criteria)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Higher versus lower protein intake in formula‐fed low birth weight infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Very high protein vs low protein intake (restricted to studies meeting all a priori inclusion criteria)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Higher versus lower protein intake in formula‐fed low birth weight infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Maintenance fluids vs restricted fluids

Maintenance fluids showed no clear difference in death ‐ all participants compared with restricted fluids (low certainty).

• Fluid therapy for acute bacterial meningitis 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.82 [0.53, 1.27]
  2 studies · 407 participants
  Low

Maintenance fluids vs restricted fluids

Maintenance fluids showed no clear difference in severe neurological sequelae ‐ acute (within the first 4 weeks) compared with restricted fluids (low certainty).

• Fluid therapy for acute bacterial meningitis 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.67 [0.41, 1.08]
  2 studies · 407 participants
  Low

Maintenance fluids vs restricted fluids

It is very uncertain whether maintenance fluids changes severe neurological sequelae ‐ chronic (after the first 4 weeks) compared with restricted fluids (very low certainty).

• Fluid therapy for acute bacterial meningitis 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.42 [0.2, 0.89]
  1 study · 351 participants
  Very low