Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

272 questions · 286 findings · 20 reviews · Schizophrenia

No studies found 49 · 17.1%GRADE not reported 30 · 10.5%Very low 88 · 30.8%Low 42 · 14.7%Moderate 73 · 25.5%High 4 · 1.4%

RISPERIDONE vs OLANZAPINE

Leaving the study early · people with both severe mental illness and substance misuse

It is very uncertain whether RISPERIDONE changes leaving study early: any reason compared with OLANZAPINE ‒ short‐ and long‐term data (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

RISPERIDONE vs QUETIAPINE

Leaving the study early · people with both severe mental illness and substance misuse

RISPERIDONE showed no clear difference in leaving the study early: 1. any reason, long term (>12 months) compared with QUETIAPINE ‒ short‐ and long‐term data (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

RISPERIDONE vs ZIPRASIDONE ‒ long‐term data (> 12 months)

Leaving the study early · people with both severe mental illness and substance misuse

RISPERIDONE showed no clear difference in leaving the study early: any reason compared with ZIPRASIDONE ‒ long‐term data (> 12 months) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

RISPERIDONE vs CLOZAPINE ‐ all data short term

Substance use: improvement ‒ (at least 20% reduction in use, TLFB scale) · people with both severe mental illness and substance misuse

It is very uncertain whether RISPERIDONE changes substance use: improvement ‒ (at least 20% reduction in use, TLFB… compared with CLOZAPINE ‐ all data short term (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

RISPERIDONE vs CLOZAPINE ‐ all data short term

Adherence to antipsychotic medication: discontinued medication · people with both severe mental illness and substance misuse

It is very uncertain whether RISPERIDONE changes adherence to antipsychotic medication: discontinued medication compared with CLOZAPINE ‐ all data short term (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

RISPERIDONE vs CLOZAPINE ‐ all data short term

Adverse effects: any observed extrapyramidal symptoms ‐ short term (up to 6 months) · people with both severe mental illness and substance misuse

It is very uncertain whether RISPERIDONE changes adverse effects. 1. Movement disorders ‐ any extrapyramidal compared with CLOZAPINE ‐ all data short term (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

RISPERIDONE vs CLOZAPINE ‐ all data short term

Leaving the study early · people with both severe mental illness and substance misuse

It is very uncertain whether RISPERIDONE changes leaving the study early ‒ any reason compared with CLOZAPINE ‐ all data short term (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

RISPERIDONE vs placebo

Mental state: No 20% response (as defined by PANSS/BPRS total change) · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether RISPERIDONE changes mental state: no clinically significant response in psychotic… compared with PLACEBO (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

RISPERIDONE vs placebo

Behaviour: Leaving the study early (short‐term) · patients with schizophrenia

RISPERIDONE may leads to lower leaving the study early ‐ short term (up to 12 weeks) ‐ any reason compared with PLACEBO (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review