What do systematic reviews say?

Intervention not reported

• Manipulative interventions for reducing pulled elbow in young children 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Very low

Local corticosteroid injection (LCI) vs a control strategy (no treatment, placebo or waiting list controls)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Injected corticosteroids for treating plantar heel pain in adults 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Multinutrient supplements (oral) vs control

Multinutrient supplements (oral) may leads to lower participants with complications (e.g. pressure sore, chest… compared with control (low certainty).

• Nutritional supplementation for hip fracture aftercare in older people 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.71 [0.59, 0.86]
  11 studies · 727 participants
  Low

Multinutrient supplements (nasogastric) vs control

It is very uncertain whether multinutrient supplements (nasogastric) changes participants with complications (e.g. pressure sore, aspiration… compared with control (very low certainty).

• Nutritional supplementation for hip fracture aftercare in older people 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.09 [0.73, 1.64]
  1 study · 18 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in return to previous activities ‐ Resumption of work (days) (moderate certainty).

• Conservative interventions for treating middle third clavicle fractures in adolescents and adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  MD 1.95
  1 study · 101 participants
  Moderate

Summary of findings: figure‐of‐eight bandage vs arm sling

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings: figure‐of‐eight bandage changes return to previous activities ‐ Resumption of school/work (weeks) compared with arm sling (very low certainty).

• Conservative interventions for treating middle third clavicle fractures in adolescents and adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 176 participants
  Very low

Ankle brace vs rigid cast

Ankle brace may leads to lower patient satisfaction: would have preferred the other device compared with rigid cast (low certainty).

• Interventions for treating ankle fractures in children 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.1 [0.03, 0.32]
  1 study · 103 participants
  Low

Intramedullary fixation vs open reduction and internal fixation with plate

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Surgical interventions for treating acute fractures or non‐union of the middle third of the clavicle 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes depressive symptoms10 (very low certainty).

• Exercise for reducing fear of falling in older people living in the community 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 406 participants
  Very low

Home fall‐hazard reduction vs control (e.g. usual activities)

Home fall‐hazard reduction probably leads to lower rate of falls (falls per person‐years) compared with control (e.g. usual care) (moderate certainty).

• Environmental interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the community 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  Rate ratio 0.74 [0.61, 0.91]
  12 studies · 5293 participants
  Moderate

Home fall‐hazard reduction vs control (e.g. usual activities)

Home fall‐hazard reduction probably leads to lower number of people who experienced 1 or more falls compared with control (e.g. usual care) (moderate certainty).

• Environmental interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the community 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.89 [0.82, 0.97]
  12 studies · 5253 participants
  Moderate

Home fall‐hazard reduction vs control (e.g. usual activities)

It is very uncertain whether home fall‐hazard reduction changes number of people who experienced 1 or more fall‐related fractures compared with control (e.g. usual care) (very low certainty).

• Environmental interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the community 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1 [0.98, 1.02]
  2 studies · 1668 participants
  Very low

Home fall‐hazard reduction vs control (e.g. usual activities)

Home fall‐hazard reduction showed no clear difference in number of people who experienced 1 or more falls that resulted in… compared with control (e.g. usual care) (low certainty).

• Environmental interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the community 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.96 [0.87, 1.06]
  3 studies · 325 participants
  Low

Home fall‐hazard reduction vs control (e.g. usual activities)

• Environmental interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the community 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  0.91 [0.58, 1.43]
  3 studies · 946 participants
  Low

Home fall‐hazard reduction vs control (e.g. usual activities)

Home fall‐hazard reduction showed no clear difference in health‐related quality of life SMD was calculated from 4 studies… compared with control (e.g. usual care) (moderate certainty).

• Environmental interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the community 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  SMD 0.09
  6 studies · 1848 participants
  Moderate

Home fall‐hazard reduction vs control (e.g. usual activities)

• Environmental interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the community 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 73 participants
  Low

Summary of findings. Removable splintage vs cast

• Interventions for treating wrist fractures in children 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 65 participants
  Low

Summary of findings. Bandage vs cast

• Interventions for treating wrist fractures in children 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 139 participants
  GRADE not reported

Summary of findings. Bandage vs cast

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for treating wrist fractures in children 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Summary of findings. Bandage vs cast

• Interventions for treating wrist fractures in children 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 89 participants
  Very low