Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

71 questions · 80 findings · 13 reviews · Metabolic and Endocrine Disorders

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No studies found 24 · 30%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 24 · 30%Low 13 · 16.3%Moderate 15 · 18.8%High 4 · 5%

Fluoxetine vs placebo

Anthropometric measurements other than weight loss in kg (BMI reduction measured inkg/m²) · overweight or obese adults

1 finding from 1 review

Fluoxetine for adults who are overweight or obese 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 97 participants
Very low

Fluoxetine vs placebo

Morbidity: depression (N) · overweight or obese adults

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings: fluoxetine changes morbidity: depression (N) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Fluoxetine for adults who are overweight or obese 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.2 [0.57, 2.52]
3 studies · 393 participants
Very low

Fluoxetine vs placebo

All‐cause mortality · overweight or obese adults

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Fluoxetine for adults who are overweight or obese 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Fluoxetine vs placebo

Socioeconomic effects · overweight or obese adults

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Fluoxetine for adults who are overweight or obese 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Acarbose vs placebo

All‐cause mortality · people at increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes

It is very uncertain whether acarbose changes all‐cause mortality compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Alpha‐glucosidase inhibitors for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.98 [0.82, 1.18]
3 studies · 8069 participants
Very low

Acarbose vs placebo

Development of type 2 diabetes · people at increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes

Acarbose probably leads to lower incidence of T2DM compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Alpha‐glucosidase inhibitors for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.82 [0.75, 0.89]
3 studies · 8008 participants
Moderate

Acarbose vs placebo

Serious adverse events · people at increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes

Acarbose showed no clear difference in serious adverse events compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Alpha‐glucosidase inhibitors for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.12 [0.97, 1.29]
2 studies · 6625 participants
Low

Acarbose vs placebo

Cardiovascular mortality · people at increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes

It is very uncertain whether acarbose changes cardiovascular mortality compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Alpha‐glucosidase inhibitors for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.88 [0.71, 1.1]
3 studies · 8069 participants
Very low

Acarbose vs placebo

(1) Non‐fatal myocardial infarction (2) Non‐fatal stroke (3) Congestive heart failure · people at increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes

It is very uncertain whether acarbose changes (a)Non‐fatal myocardial infarction (b)Non‐fatal stroke (c)Congestive… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Alpha‐glucosidase inhibitors for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.1 [0.02, 0.53]
2 studies · 1486 participants
Very low

Acarbose vs placebo

Health‐related quality of life · people at increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Alpha‐glucosidase inhibitors for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Acarbose vs placebo

Socioeconomic effects · people at increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Alpha‐glucosidase inhibitors for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Vitamin D vs placebo or no intervention

Cancer occurrence · healthy participants or recruited among the general population; individuals diagnosed with a specific disease in a stable phase or with…

Vitamin D showed no clear difference in cancer occurrence compared with placebo or no intervention (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D supplementation for prevention of cancer in adults 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1 [0.94, 1.06]
18 studies · 50623 participants
Moderate

Vitamin D vs placebo or no intervention

Cancer occurrence in trials using vitamin D₃ (cholecalciferol) · healthy participants or recruited among the general population; individuals diagnosed with a specific disease in a stable phase or with…

Vitamin D showed no clear difference in cancer occurrence in trials using vitamin D₃ (cholecalciferol) compared with placebo or no intervention (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D supplementation for prevention of cancer in adults 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1 [0.94, 1.06]
14 studies · 49891 participants
Moderate

Vitamin D vs placebo or no intervention

All‐cause mortality · healthy participants or recruited among the general population; individuals diagnosed with a specific disease in a stable phase or with…

Vitamin D may leads to lower all‐cause mortality compared with placebo or no intervention (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D supplementation for prevention of cancer in adults 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.93 [0.88, 0.98]
15 studies · 49866 participants
Low

Vitamin D vs placebo or no intervention

Cancer mortality in trials using vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) ( · healthy participants or recruited among the general population; individuals diagnosed with a specific disease in a stable phase or with…

Vitamin D may leads to lower cancer mortality in trials using vitamin D₃(cholecalciferol) compared with placebo or no intervention (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D supplementation for prevention of cancer in adults 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.88 [0.78, 0.98]
4 studies · 44492 participants
Low

Vitamin D vs placebo or no intervention

Adverse events ‐ Nephrolithiasis in trials using vitamin D3 combined with calcium · healthy participants or recruited among the general population; individuals diagnosed with a specific disease in a stable phase or with…

Vitamin D may leads to higher adverse events: nephrolithiasis in trials using vitamin… compared with placebo or no intervention (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D supplementation for prevention of cancer in adults 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.17 [1.03, 1.34]
3 studies · 42753 participants
Low

Vitamin D vs placebo or no intervention

Health‐related quality of life · healthy participants or recruited among the general population; individuals diagnosed with a specific disease in a stable phase or with…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D supplementation for prevention of cancer in adults 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Vitamin D vs placebo or no intervention

Health economics · healthy participants or recruited among the general population; individuals diagnosed with a specific disease in a stable phase or with…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D supplementation for prevention of cancer in adults 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Ipomoea batatas (Caiapo) tablets vs placebo

Morbidity · patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Sweet potato for type 2 diabetes mellitus 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Ipomoea batatas (Caiapo) tablets vs placebo

Adverse effects · patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

1 finding from 1 review

Sweet potato for type 2 diabetes mellitus 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 140 participants
Very low