Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

74 questions · 74 findings · 13 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 16 · 21.6%GRADE not reported 1 · 1.4%Very low 19 · 25.7%Low 15 · 20.3%Moderate 5 · 6.8%High 18 · 24.3%

Manual paper reminders vs other quality‐improvement (QI) interventions

Patient outcomes (dichotomous) · Healthcare professionals

1 finding from 1 review

Manually‐generated reminders delivered on paper: effects on professional practice and patient outcomes 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 2305 participants
Very low

Manual paper reminders vs other quality‐improvement (QI) interventions

Patient outcomes (continuous) · Healthcare professionals

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Manually‐generated reminders delivered on paper: effects on professional practice and patient outcomes 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Manual paper reminders vs other quality‐improvement (QI) interventions

Resource use · Healthcare professionals

1 finding from 1 review

Manually‐generated reminders delivered on paper: effects on professional practice and patient outcomes 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 4235 participants
Low

Manual paper reminders vs other quality‐improvement (QI) interventions

Adverse effects · Healthcare professionals

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Manually‐generated reminders delivered on paper: effects on professional practice and patient outcomes 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Primary outcome measure · nurses, midwives, physicians

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐clinical interventions for reducing unnecessary caesarean section 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Caesarean section – all · nurses, midwives, physicians

The intervention showed no clear difference in caesarean section – all (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐clinical interventions for reducing unnecessary caesarean section 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
High

Intervention not reported

Caesarean section – elective · nurses, midwives, physicians

The intervention showed no clear difference in caesarean section – elective (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐clinical interventions for reducing unnecessary caesarean section 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
High

Intervention not reported

Caesarean section – intrapartum · nurses, midwives, physicians

The intervention showed no clear difference in caesarean section – intrapartum (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐clinical interventions for reducing unnecessary caesarean section 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
High

Intervention not reported

Spontaneous vaginal birth · nurses, midwives, physicians

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐clinical interventions for reducing unnecessary caesarean section 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Instrumental vaginal birth · nurses, midwives, physicians

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐clinical interventions for reducing unnecessary caesarean section 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Maternal mortality · nurses, midwives, physicians

The intervention showed no clear difference in maternal mortality (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐clinical interventions for reducing unnecessary caesarean section 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
High

Intervention not reported

Maternal morbidity · nurses, midwives, physicians

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐clinical interventions for reducing unnecessary caesarean section 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Neonatal mortality · nurses, midwives, physicians

The intervention showed no clear difference in neonatal mortality (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐clinical interventions for reducing unnecessary caesarean section 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
High

Intervention not reported

Neonatal morbidity · nurses, midwives, physicians

The intervention showed no clear difference in neonatal morbidity (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐clinical interventions for reducing unnecessary caesarean section 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
High

Intervention not reported

Caesarean section ‐ overall · nurses, midwives, physicians

The intervention showed no clear difference in caesarean section ‐ overall (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐clinical interventions for reducing unnecessary caesarean section 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
High

Intervention not reported

Caesarean section ‐ low risk group · nurses, midwives, physicians

The intervention showed no clear difference in caesarean section ‐ low risk group (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐clinical interventions for reducing unnecessary caesarean section 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
High

Intervention not reported

Elective repeat caesarean section · nurses, midwives, physicians

The intervention showed no clear difference in elective repeat caesarean section (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐clinical interventions for reducing unnecessary caesarean section 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
High

Intervention not reported

Major maternal morbidity · nurses, midwives, physicians

The intervention showed no clear difference in major maternal morbidity (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐clinical interventions for reducing unnecessary caesarean section 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RD 0.03
Studies not reported
High

Intervention not reported

Minor maternal morbidity · nurses, midwives, physicians

The intervention showed no clear difference in minor maternal morbidity (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐clinical interventions for reducing unnecessary caesarean section 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RD 0.3
Studies not reported
High

Intervention not reported

Major neonatal morbidity · nurses, midwives, physicians

The intervention showed no clear difference in major neonatal morbidity (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐clinical interventions for reducing unnecessary caesarean section 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
High