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Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

169 questions · 181 findings · 18 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 44 · 24.3%GRADE not reported 5 · 2.8%Very low 52 · 28.7%Low 48 · 26.5%Moderate 30 · 16.6%High 2 · 1.1%

Music therapy vs placebo or usual care

Autism symptom severity Measured by: parent‐reported autism symptoms on standardised autism screening and diagnostic instruments (lower scores indicate less severe autism symptoms) · Individuals with autism spectrum disorder
1 finding from 1 review

Music therapy vs placebo or usual care

Adverse events Any serious or non‐serious adverse event · Individuals with autism spectrum disorder

Music therapy showed no clear difference in adverse events Any serious or non‐serious adverse event compared with placebo therapy or standard care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Music therapy vs psychological treatment

Behaviour: Leaving the study early (short‐term) · depression in adults

Music therapy showed no clear difference in leaving the study early Up to 3 months compared with psychological treatment (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review