Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

93 questions · 95 findings · 8 reviews · Pregnancy and Childbirth

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No studies found 44 · 46.3%GRADE not reported 10 · 10.5%Very low 22 · 23.2%Low 12 · 12.6%Moderate 7 · 7.4%High 0 · 0%

Any antihypertensive drug vs no antihypertensive drugs/placebo

Eclampsia · women with mild to moderate hypertension during pregnancy

It is very uncertain whether any antihypertensive drug changes eclampsia compared with no antihypertensive drugs/placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antihypertensive drug therapy for mild to moderate hypertension during pregnancy 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.52 [0.13, 2.06]
7 studies · 713 participants
Very low

Any antihypertensive drug vs no antihypertensive drugs/placebo

Changed/stopped drugs due to maternal side‐effects · women with mild to moderate hypertension during pregnancy

Any antihypertensive drug showed no clear difference in changed/stopped drugs due to maternal side‐effects compared with no antihypertensive drugs/placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antihypertensive drug therapy for mild to moderate hypertension during pregnancy 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.93 [0.92, 4.06]
16 studies · 1503 participants
Low

Any antihypertensive drug vs no antihypertensive drugs/placebo

Elective delivery (induction of labour + elective caesarean section) · women with mild to moderate hypertension during pregnancy

Any antihypertensive drug showed no clear difference in elective delivery (induction of labour + elective caesarean section) compared with no antihypertensive drugs/placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antihypertensive drug therapy for mild to moderate hypertension during pregnancy 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.93 [0.84, 1.04]
4 studies · 710 participants
Moderate

Any antihypertensive drug vs no antihypertensive drugs/placebo

Fetal/neonatal/infant · women with mild to moderate hypertension during pregnancy

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

2 findings from 1 review

Antihypertensive drug therapy for mild to moderate hypertension during pregnancy 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Antihypertensive drug therapy for mild to moderate hypertension during pregnancy 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Any antihypertensive drug vs no antihypertensive drugs/placebo

Admission to neonatal or intensive care nursery · women with mild to moderate hypertension during pregnancy

Any antihypertensive drug showed no clear difference in admission to neonatal or intensive care nursery compared with no antihypertensive drugs/placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antihypertensive drug therapy for mild to moderate hypertension during pregnancy 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.01 [0.83, 1.22]
10 studies · 1570 participants
Low

Any antihypertensive drug vs no antihypertensive drugs/placebo

Severe hypertension · women with mild to moderate hypertension during pregnancy

Any antihypertensive drug probably leads to lower severe hypertension compared with no antihypertensive drugs/placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antihypertensive drug therapy for mild to moderate hypertension during pregnancy 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.49 [0.4, 0.6]
20 studies · 2558 participants
Moderate

Any antihypertensive drug vs no antihypertensive drugs/placebo

Proteinuria/pre‐eclampsia · women with mild to moderate hypertension during pregnancy

Any antihypertensive drug showed no clear difference in proteinuria/pre‐eclampsia compared with no antihypertensive drugs/placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antihypertensive drug therapy for mild to moderate hypertension during pregnancy 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.92 [0.75, 1.14]
23 studies · 2851 participants
Low

Any antihypertensive drug vs no antihypertensive drugs/placebo

Total reported fetal or neonatal deaths (including miscarriage) · women with mild to moderate hypertension during pregnancy

Any antihypertensive drug showed no clear difference in total reported fetal or neonatal deaths (including miscarriage) compared with no antihypertensive drugs/placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antihypertensive drug therapy for mild to moderate hypertension during pregnancy 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.72 [0.5, 1.04]
29 studies · 3365 participants
Moderate

Any antihypertensive drug vs no antihypertensive drugs/placebo

Small‐for‐gestational age · women with mild to moderate hypertension during pregnancy

Any antihypertensive drug showed no clear difference in small‐for‐gestational age compared with no antihypertensive drugs/placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antihypertensive drug therapy for mild to moderate hypertension during pregnancy 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.96 [0.78, 1.18]
21 studies · 2686 participants
Moderate

Any antihypertensive drug vs no antihypertensive drugs/placebo

Preterm birth · women with mild to moderate hypertension during pregnancy

Any antihypertensive drug showed no clear difference in preterm birth (< 37 weeks) compared with no antihypertensive drugs/placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antihypertensive drug therapy for mild to moderate hypertension during pregnancy 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.96 [0.83, 1.12]
15 studies · 2141 participants
Moderate

Any antihypertensive drug vs no antihypertensive drugs/placebo

Maternal death · women with mild to moderate hypertension during pregnancy

It is very uncertain whether any antihypertensive drug changes maternal death compared with no antihypertensive drugs/placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antihypertensive drug therapy for mild to moderate hypertension during pregnancy 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.11 [0.18, 7.02]
5 studies · 525 participants
Very low

Low‐GI dietary advice vs moderate‐ to high‐GI dietary advice (child outcomes)

Gestational diabetes · pregnant women

Low‐GI dietary advice showed no clear difference in gestational diabetes compared with moderate‐ to high‐GI dietary advice (maternal outcomes) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dietary advice interventions in pregnancy for preventing gestational diabetes mellitus 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.91 [0.63, 1.31]
4 studies · 912 participants
Low

Low‐GI dietary advice vs moderate‐ to high‐GI dietary advice (child outcomes)

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy · pregnant women

1 finding from 1 review

Dietary advice interventions in pregnancy for preventing gestational diabetes mellitus 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Low‐GI dietary advice vs moderate‐ to high‐GI dietary advice (child outcomes)

Caesarean section · pregnant women

It is very uncertain whether low‐GI dietary advice changes caesarean birth compared with moderate‐ to high‐GI dietary advice (maternal outcomes) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dietary advice interventions in pregnancy for preventing gestational diabetes mellitus 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.27 [0.79, 2.04]
2 studies · 201 participants
Very low

Low‐GI dietary advice vs moderate‐ to high‐GI dietary advice (child outcomes)

Perineal trauma · pregnant women

1 finding from 1 review

Dietary advice interventions in pregnancy for preventing gestational diabetes mellitus 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Low‐GI dietary advice vs moderate‐ to high‐GI dietary advice (child outcomes)

Gestational weight gain · pregnant women

It is very uncertain whether low‐GI dietary advice changes gestational weight gain (kg) compared with moderate‐ to high‐GI dietary advice (maternal outcomes) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dietary advice interventions in pregnancy for preventing gestational diabetes mellitus 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 787 participants
Very low

Low‐GI dietary advice vs moderate‐ to high‐GI dietary advice (child outcomes)

Postnatal depression · pregnant women

1 finding from 1 review

Dietary advice interventions in pregnancy for preventing gestational diabetes mellitus 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Low‐GI dietary advice vs moderate‐ to high‐GI dietary advice (child outcomes)

Type 2 diabetes mellitus · pregnant women

1 finding from 1 review

Dietary advice interventions in pregnancy for preventing gestational diabetes mellitus 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Low‐GI dietary advice vs moderate‐ to high‐GI dietary advice (child outcomes)

Perinatal mortality · pregnant women

1 finding from 1 review

Dietary advice interventions in pregnancy for preventing gestational diabetes mellitus 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Low‐GI dietary advice vs moderate‐ to high‐GI dietary advice (child outcomes)

Large‐for‐gestational age · pregnant women

It is very uncertain whether low‐GI dietary advice changes large‐for‐gestational age compared with moderate‐ to high‐GI dietary advice (child outcomes) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dietary advice interventions in pregnancy for preventing gestational diabetes mellitus 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.6 [0.19, 1.86]
3 studies · 777 participants
Very low