Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

47 questions · 52 findings · 10 reviews · Drugs and Alcohol

No studies found 1 · 1.9%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 3 · 5.8%Low 28 · 53.8%Moderate 13 · 25%High 7 · 13.5%

Morphine‐positive urines · People with opioid dependence.

The intervention showed no clear difference in morphine‐positive urines (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Buprenorphine maintenance versus placebo or methadone maintenance for opioid dependence 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 729 participants
Moderate

Benzodiazepine‐positive urines · People with opioid dependence.

The intervention showed no clear difference in benzodiazepine‐positive urines (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Buprenorphine maintenance versus placebo or methadone maintenance for opioid dependence 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 336 participants
Moderate

Retention in treatment ‐ Old studies (pre 2000) objective · patients with opioid dependence

The intervention leads to higher retention in treatment ‐ Old studies (pre 2000) objective (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Methadone maintenance therapy versus no opioid replacement therapy for opioid dependence 2009 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 3.05 [1.75, 5.35]
3 studies · 505 participants
High

Retention in treatment ‐ New studies · patients with opioid dependence

The intervention leads to higher retention in treatment ‐ New studies (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Methadone maintenance therapy versus no opioid replacement therapy for opioid dependence 2009 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 4.44 [3.26, 6.04]
4 studies · 750 participants
High

Morphine positive urine or hair analysis objective · patients with opioid dependence

The intervention leads to lower morphine positive urine or hair analysis objective (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Methadone maintenance therapy versus no opioid replacement therapy for opioid dependence 2009 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.66 [0.56, 0.78]
6 studies · 1129 participants
High

Criminal activity objective · patients with opioid dependence

The intervention showed no clear difference in criminal activity objective (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Methadone maintenance therapy versus no opioid replacement therapy for opioid dependence 2009 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.39 [0.12, 1.25]
3 studies · 363 participants
Moderate

Mortality objective · patients with opioid dependence

The intervention showed no clear difference in mortality objective (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Methadone maintenance therapy versus no opioid replacement therapy for opioid dependence 2009 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.48 [0.1, 2.39]
4 studies · 576 participants
Moderate