What do systematic reviews say?

Intervention not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Automated telephone communication systems for preventive healthcare and management of long‐term conditions 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intravenous vs subcutaneous route

• Comparison of routes for achieving parenteral access with a focus on the management of patients with Ebola virus disease 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 4 participants
  Low

Intravenous vs subcutaneous route

Intravenous probably leads to higher insertion failures compared with subcutaneous route (moderate certainty).

• Comparison of routes for achieving parenteral access with a focus on the management of patients with Ebola virus disease 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 14.79 [2.87, 76.08]
  3 studies · 238 participants
  Moderate

Intravenous vs subcutaneous route

• Comparison of routes for achieving parenteral access with a focus on the management of patients with Ebola virus disease 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 96 participants
  Low

Intravenous vs subcutaneous route

Intravenous may leads to higher dislodgement of device compared with subcutaneous route (low certainty).

• Comparison of routes for achieving parenteral access with a focus on the management of patients with Ebola virus disease 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 3.78 [1.16, 12.34]
  1 study · 67 participants
  Low

Intravenous vs subcutaneous route

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Comparison of routes for achieving parenteral access with a focus on the management of patients with Ebola virus disease 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Powered toothbrush (any mode of action) vs Manual toothbrush

Powered toothbrush showed no clear difference in unstimulated whole saliva (UWS) compared with manual toothbrush; GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for the management of dry mouth: non‐pharmacological interventions 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes

  45 minutes after brushing
  MD -0.07 [-0.74, 0.60]
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Powered toothbrush (any mode of action) vs Manual toothbrush

Powered toothbrush showed no clear difference in stimulated whole saliva (SWS) compared with manual toothbrush; GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for the management of dry mouth: non‐pharmacological interventions 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes

  5 minutes after brushing
  MD -0.13 [-1.92, 1.66]
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Powered toothbrush (any mode of action) vs Manual toothbrush

• Interventions for the management of dry mouth: non‐pharmacological interventions 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Papas 2006 used a VAS to measure mouth dryness but did not report dry mouth outcome data
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) spray vs Placebo (spray base without CMC / water)

• Interventions for the management of dry mouth: topical therapies 2011 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Donatsky 1982 (crossover, n=15, Sjogren's syndrome): CMC spray had a similar effect on oral dryness to the spray base, but was more effective than water. Paired crossover data not presented; effect size not estimable.
  1 study · 15 participants
  GRADE not reported

Reservoir biteguard device releasing a saliva substitute (with KY jelly + Saliva Orthana) vs Biteguard without reservoir (with KY jelly + Saliva Orthana)

• Interventions for the management of dry mouth: topical therapies 2011 · Cochrane All outcomes
  More in the reservoir group experienced relief of an oral impact and fewer a new impact (OIDP), but no difference in the total impact score between groups.
  1 study · 86 participants
  GRADE not reported

Saliva stimulant lozenge (sorbitol, Sorbee) vs Saliva substitute spray

Saliva stimulant lozenge (sorbitol, Sorbee) led to lower patient preference compared with saliva substitute spray (MouthKote); GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for the management of dry mouth: topical therapies 2011 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Stewart 1998: no statistically significant difference in patient preference between lozenge and spray (Analysis 2.3).
  1 study · 80 participants
  GRADE not reported

Consumption of xylitol chewing gum by women (mothers) vs Profylin lozenge (xylitol/sorbitol + CMC)

• Interventions for the management of dry mouth: topical therapies 2011 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Patients ranked gum and lozenge equal for preference.
  1 study · 18 participants
  GRADE not reported

Consumption of xylitol chewing gum by women (mothers) vs Profylin lozenge (xylitol/sorbitol + CMC)

• Interventions for the management of dry mouth: topical therapies 2011 · Cochrane All outcomes
  No change in stimulated whole saliva.
  1 study · 18 participants
  GRADE not reported

Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) spray vs Salinum linseed oil spray

• Interventions for the management of dry mouth: topical therapies 2011 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Mean plaque and gingival indices were reduced during the Salinum (linseed) period; incomplete comparative data.
  1 study · 20 participants
  GRADE not reported

Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) mouthwash vs Glycerin mouthwash

Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) mouthwash led to higher improvement in dry mouth ('excellent benefit', dichotomous) compared with glycerin mouthwash; GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for the management of dry mouth: topical therapies 2011 · Cochrane All outcomes
  RR 3.95 [1.17, 13.36]
  1 study · 148 participants
  GRADE not reported

Saliva stimulant lozenge (sorbitol, Sorbee) vs Saliva substitute spray

Saliva stimulant lozenge (sorbitol, Sorbee) showed no clear difference in salivary flow (unstimulated whole saliva) compared with saliva substitute spray (MouthKote); GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for the management of dry mouth: topical therapies 2011 · Cochrane All outcomes
  MD -0.01 [-0.03, 0.02]
  1 study · 80 participants
  GRADE not reported

Various saliva stimulants (chewable tablet, lozenges, chewing gum, CMC mouthrinse/sprays; 8-arm) vs Saliva substitutes / other products

• Interventions for the management of dry mouth: topical therapies 2011 · Cochrane All outcomes
  No product had a long-term effect on stimulated whole saliva production.
  1 study · 106 participants
  GRADE not reported

CMC/sorbitol pre-moistened swabs vs Lemon glycerin swabs

• Interventions for the management of dry mouth: topical therapies 2011 · Cochrane All outcomes
  CMC/sorbitol also improved dentition and gingival scores; no supporting data presented.
  1 study · 20 participants
  GRADE not reported

CMC spray / aloe vera gel / canola oil spray vs Mucin spray (and between each other)

• Interventions for the management of dry mouth: topical therapies 2011 · Cochrane All outcomes
  No significant difference in patient preference between the treatments (Chi2 3.67, df=3; P = 0.30).
  1 study · 123 participants
  GRADE not reported