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What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

93 questions · 96 findings · 12 reviews · Effective Practice and Organisation of Care

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No studies found 5 · 5.2%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 27 · 28.1%Low 47 · 49%Moderate 15 · 15.6%High 2 · 2.1%

Pharmaceutical care vs usual care

The proportion of patients with one or more potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) · older people receiving polypharmacy

It is very uncertain whether pharmaceutical care changes the proportion of patients with one or more potentially… compared with usual care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Primary health professional‐led or collaborative care vs specialist‐led care

Relapse of severe mental disorder (immediately post intervention) Defined by re‐appearance of symptoms or worsening of symptoms necessitating adjustment of medicationa; Li 2002; based on 1 item scoring ≥ 5 or 2 items scoring ≥ 4 in items 4, 7, 11,... · people with severe mental disorders

It is very uncertain whether primary health professional‐led or collaborative care changes relapse of severe mental disorder (immediately post intervention)… compared with specialist‐led care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Primary care physician alerting system and a patient‐directed intervention (education and reminder to see their primary care physician) vs usual care

Osteoporosis medication 2 · General practitioners/family doctors involved in the management of patients with osteoporosis

Primary care physician alerting system and a patient‐directed… leads to higher osteoporosis medication 2 compared with standard care (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Primary care physician alerting system vs usual care

Osteoporosis medication2 · General practitioners/family doctors involved in the management of patients with osteoporosis

Primary care physician alerting system probably leads to higher osteoporosis medication2 compared with usual care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Primary care physician alerting system vs primary care physician alerting system and a patient‐directed intervention (education and reminder to see their primary care physician)

Medication2 · General practitioners/family doctors involved in the management of patients with osteoporosis

Primary care physician alerting system showed no clear difference in medication2 compared with primary care physician alerting system and a patient‐directed… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review