Findings

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

472 questions · 500 findings · 31 reviews · Pregnancy and Childbirth

No studies found 126 · 25.2%GRADE not reported 48 · 9.6%Very low 105 · 21%Low 135 · 27%Moderate 63 · 12.6%High 23 · 4.6%

Adverse event outcomes for dietary combined with physical activity interventions vs standard‐of‐care therapy

Perinatal mortality · pregnant women, excluding women already diagnosed with GDM in this pregnancy and those with pre‐existing diabetes mellitus

Combined diet and exercise interventions showed no clear difference in perinatal mortality compared with standard care (child) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Any intervention to prevent violence (all interventions) vs usual care

Partner abuse: episodes during pregnancy · pregnant women

It is very uncertain whether any intervention to prevent violence (all interventions) changes partner abuse: episodes during pregnancy compared with standard care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Any intervention to prevent violence (all interventions) vs usual care

Partner abuse in the first 3 months postpartum (Current Abuse Score**) The Current abuse score consists of 2 scales: 1) Abuse Assessment Screen (AAS) and 2) Prenatal Psychosocial Profile (PPP). · pregnant women

It is very uncertain whether any intervention to prevent violence (all interventions) changes partner abuse: episodes during the first 3 months postpartum compared with standard care (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Any intervention to prevent violence (all interventions) vs usual care

Partner abuse: abuse score in the first 3 months postpartum (Conflict Tactics Score*) The CTS is a 19‐item self‐report scale listing behaviours that the respondent’s partner might use in conflicts. Women report the frequency of partner behaviours ... · pregnant women
1 finding from 1 review

Any intervention to prevent violence (all interventions) vs usual care

Partner abuse: total episodes at final study assessment (pregnancy and up to 10 weeks postpartum) · pregnant women

Any intervention to prevent violence (all interventions) probably leads to lower partner abuse: total episodes at final study assessment (pregnancy… compared with standard care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Outcomes for all interventions for smoking cessation in pregnancy vs control: subgrouped by main intervention strategy (comparison 20)

Abstinence · Pregnant women who smoke

Outcomes for all interventions for smoking cessation in pregnancy leads to higher abstinence at 0 to 5 months postpartum compared with control: subgrouped by main intervention strategy (comparison 20) (high certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Outcomes for all interventions for smoking cessation in pregnancy vs control: subgrouped by main intervention strategy (comparison 20)

Birthweight < 2500 (g) · Pregnant women who smoke

Outcomes for all interventions for smoking cessation in pregnancy leads to lower low birthweight (under 2500 g) compared with control: subgrouped by main intervention strategy (comparison 20) (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Outcomes for all interventions for smoking cessation in pregnancy vs control: subgrouped by main intervention strategy (comparison 20)

Gestational age (preterm birth < 37 weeks) · Pregnant women who smoke

Outcomes for all interventions for smoking cessation in pregnancy showed no clear difference in preterm birth (under 37 weeks) compared with control: subgrouped by main intervention strategy (comparison 20) (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Outcomes for all interventions for smoking cessation in pregnancy vs control: subgrouped by main intervention strategy (comparison 20)

Mean birthweight · Pregnant women who smoke

Outcomes for all interventions for smoking cessation in pregnancy showed no clear difference in mean birthweight (g) compared with control: subgrouped by main intervention strategy (comparison 20) (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Outcomes for all interventions for smoking cessation in pregnancy vs control: subgrouped by main intervention strategy (comparison 20)

Stillbirth · Pregnant women who smoke

Outcomes for all interventions for smoking cessation in pregnancy showed no clear difference in stillbirths compared with control: subgrouped by main intervention strategy (comparison 20) (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Outcomes for all interventions for smoking cessation in pregnancy vs control: subgrouped by main intervention strategy (comparison 20)

Admission to NICU (primary outcome)№ of participants: 204(1 RCT) · Pregnant women who smoke

Outcomes for all interventions for smoking cessation in pregnancy leads to lower NICU admissions compared with control: subgrouped by main intervention strategy (comparison 20) (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐pharmacological interventions for fear of childbirth (tocophobia) vs usual care

Birth preferences: prefer caesarean section · women with fear of childbirth (tocophobia)

Non‐pharmacological interventions for fear of childbirth (tocophobia) showed no clear difference in birth preferences: prefer caesarean section compared with usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐pharmacological interventions for fear of childbirth (tocophobia) vs usual care

Epidural analgesia during labour · women with fear of childbirth (tocophobia)

Non‐pharmacological interventions for fear of childbirth (tocophobia) showed no clear difference in epidural analgesia during labour compared with usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review