Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

313 questions · 352 findings · 23 reviews · Drugs and Alcohol

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No studies found 16 · 4.5%GRADE not reported 34 · 9.7%Very low 113 · 32.1%Low 117 · 33.2%Moderate 57 · 16.2%High 15 · 4.3%

Brief intervention vs information only

Cannabis frequency · Substance‐using adolescents

1 finding from 1 review

Brief school‐based interventions and behavioural outcomes for substance‐using adolescents 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 470 participants
Moderate

Brief intervention vs information only

Secondary outcomes related to substance use Self report questionnaires Medium‐term · Substance‐using adolescents

1 finding from 1 review

Brief school‐based interventions and behavioural outcomes for substance‐using adolescents 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 470 participants
Moderate

Brief intervention vs assessment only

Alcohol frequency Self report questionnaires Medium‐term · Substance‐using adolescents

1 finding from 1 review

Brief school‐based interventions and behavioural outcomes for substance‐using adolescents 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 242 participants
Low

Brief intervention vs assessment only

Alcohol quantity Self report questionnaires Medium‐term · Substance‐using adolescents

1 finding from 1 review

Brief school‐based interventions and behavioural outcomes for substance‐using adolescents 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 179 participants
Low

Brief intervention vs assessment only

Cannabis dependence Self report questionnaires Medium‐term · Substance‐using adolescents

1 finding from 1 review

Brief school‐based interventions and behavioural outcomes for substance‐using adolescents 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 190 participants
Low

Brief intervention vs assessment only

Cannabis frequency · Substance‐using adolescents

1 finding from 1 review

Brief school‐based interventions and behavioural outcomes for substance‐using adolescents 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 338 participants
Low

Brief intervention vs brief advice, information, or assessment only

Harmful alcohol use · people with hazardous or harmful alcohol consumption

2 findings from 1 review

Psychosocial and pharmacologic interventions to reduce harmful alcohol use in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
17 studies · 3913 participants
Very low
Psychosocial and pharmacologic interventions to reduce harmful alcohol use in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 1349 participants
Very low

Brief intervention vs brief advice, information, or assessment only

Retention [ · people with hazardous or harmful alcohol consumption

1 finding from 1 review

Psychosocial and pharmacologic interventions to reduce harmful alcohol use in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
12 studies · 5380 participants
Very low

Psychosocial interventions vs no intervention

Leaving the study early · adults with stimulant use disorder

Summary of findings table ‐ Any psychosocial intervention leads to lower dropouts compared with no intervention (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychosocial interventions for stimulant use disorder 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.82 [0.74, 0.91]
29 studies · 4049 participants
High

Psychosocial interventions vs no intervention

Point abstinence (number of participants who were abstinent at the end of the treatment) · adults with stimulant use disorder

Summary of findings table ‐ Any psychosocial intervention showed no clear difference in point abstinence, end of treatment compared with no intervention (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychosocial interventions for stimulant use disorder 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.15 [0.94, 1.41]
12 studies · 1293 participants
High

Psychosocial interventions vs no intervention

Point prevalence abstinence at longest · adults with stimulant use disorder

Summary of findings table ‐ Any psychosocial intervention showed no clear difference in point abstinence, longest compared with no intervention (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychosocial interventions for stimulant use disorder 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.22 [0.91, 1.62]
9 studies · 1187 participants
High

Psychosocial interventions vs no intervention

Continuous abstinence rate at · adults with stimulant use disorder

Summary of findings table ‐ Any psychosocial intervention probably leads to higher continuous abstinence, end of treatment compared with no intervention (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychosocial interventions for stimulant use disorder 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.89 [1.2, 2.97]
12 studies · 1770 participants
Moderate

Psychosocial interventions vs no intervention

Continuous abstinence longest · adults with stimulant use disorder

Summary of findings table ‐ Any psychosocial intervention showed no clear difference in continuous abstinence, longest compared with no intervention (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychosocial interventions for stimulant use disorder 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.14 [0.85, 1.54]
3 studies · 266 participants
Low

Psychosocial interventions vs no intervention

Frequency of drug intake, end of treatment · adults with stimulant use disorder

1 finding from 1 review

Psychosocial interventions for stimulant use disorder 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
9 studies · 1186 participants
High

Psychosocial interventions vs no intervention

Longest period of abstinence · adults with stimulant use disorder

1 finding from 1 review

Psychosocial interventions for stimulant use disorder 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
17 studies · 2118 participants
High

Drug and alcohol use only‐focused psychosocial interventions vs control intervention

Frequency of alcohol misuse 6 months · Parents who use substances

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness of psychosocial interventions for reducing parental substance misuse 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 89 participants
Low

Drug and alcohol use only‐focused psychosocial interventions vs control intervention

Frequency of alcohol misuse 12 months · Parents who use substances

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness of psychosocial interventions for reducing parental substance misuse 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 34 participants
Low

Drug and alcohol use only‐focused psychosocial interventions vs control intervention

Frequency of drug use 12 months · Parents who use substances

2 findings from 1 review

Effectiveness of psychosocial interventions for reducing parental substance misuse 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 87 participants
Low
Effectiveness of psychosocial interventions for reducing parental substance misuse 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 32 participants
Low

Any Psychosocial intervention plus pharm vs psychosocial interventions

Harmful alcohol use · alcohol use disorder

2 findings from 1 review

Psychosocial and pharmacologic interventions to reduce harmful alcohol use in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 475 participants
Low
Psychosocial and pharmacologic interventions to reduce harmful alcohol use in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.62 [0.16, 2.47]
1 study · 102 participants
Very low

Any Psychosocial intervention plus pharm vs psychosocial interventions

Retention [ · alcohol use disorder

Pharmacologic intervention along with psychosocial intervention showed no clear difference in retention compared with psychosocial intervention alone (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychosocial and pharmacologic interventions to reduce harmful alcohol use in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.15 [0.95, 1.4]
3 studies · 363 participants
Moderate