Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

662 questions · 720 findings · 164 reviews

No studies found 177 · 24.6%GRADE not reported 126 · 17.5%Very low 144 · 20%Low 139 · 19.3%Moderate 107 · 14.9%High 27 · 3.8%

Surgical reimplantation of ureters plus antibiotics vs antibiotics alone

New renal parenchymal defects (scars and thinning) on IVP: unit of analysis (children) at 4 to 5 years: surgical correction + antibiotics versus antibiotics alone · primary VUR

Surgical reimplantation of ureters plus antibiotics showed no clear difference in new renal parenchymal defects (scars and thinning) on IVP: unit of… compared with antibiotics alone (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Surgical reimplantation of ureters plus antibiotics vs antibiotics alone

Correction of VUR: unit of analysis (children) after 3 years: surgical correction + antibiotics versus antibiotics alone · primary VUR

It is very uncertain whether surgical reimplantation of ureters plus antibiotics changes correction of VUR: unit of analysis (children) after 3 years:… compared with antibiotics alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Surgical reimplantation of ureters plus antibiotics vs antibiotics alone

Febrile UTI by 5 years: surgical correction + antibiotics versus antibiotics alone · primary VUR

Surgical reimplantation of ureters plus antibiotics probably leads to lower febrile UTI by 5 years: surgical correction + antibiotics versus… compared with antibiotics alone (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

PFMT added to electrical stimulation vs electrical stimulation alone (excluding implanted electrodes)

Number of women cured · women with urinary incontinence

It is very uncertain whether PFMT added to electrical stimulation changes number of women cured compared with electrical stimulation alone (excluding implanted electrodes) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

PFMT added to electrical stimulation vs electrical stimulation alone (excluding implanted electrodes)

General health status evaluation e.g. Short Form (SF)‐36 ‐ not reported · women with urinary incontinence

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

PFMT added to electrical stimulation vs electrical stimulation alone (excluding implanted electrodes)

Number of women requiring further treatment such as surgery, drugs, mechanical devices (relapse) ‐ not reported · women with urinary incontinence

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Comparison 1: antibiotic alone or antibiotic with other newborn care interventions vs usual care

Neonatal mortality · neonates with sepsis

Comparison 1: antibiotic alone or antibiotic with other newborn care… showed no clear difference in neonatal mortality ‐ antibiotics alone compared with standard care (moderate certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Fetal electrocardiogram (ECG) (ST analysis) plus cardiotocography (CTG) vs CTG alone

Cord pH less than 7.05 and base deficit greater than 12 mmol/L ‐ ST analysis · Pregnant women (and their fetuses) in labour, with a perceived need for continuous electronic fetal heart rate monitoring

Fetal electrocardiogram (ECG) (ST analysis) plus cardiotocography… showed no clear difference in cord pH less than 7.05 and base deficit greater than 12 mmol/L ‐ ST… compared with CTG alone (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Fetal electrocardiogram (ECG) (ST analysis) plus cardiotocography (CTG) vs CTG alone

Neonatal encephalopathy ‐ ST analysis · Pregnant women (and their fetuses) in labour, with a perceived need for continuous electronic fetal heart rate monitoring

Fetal electrocardiogram (ECG) (ST analysis) plus cardiotocography… showed no clear difference in neonatal encephalopathy ‐ ST analysis compared with CTG alone (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Fetal electrocardiogram (ECG) (ST analysis) plus cardiotocography (CTG) vs CTG alone

Fetal blood sampling ‐ ST analysis · Pregnant women (and their fetuses) in labour, with a perceived need for continuous electronic fetal heart rate monitoring

Fetal electrocardiogram (ECG) (ST analysis) plus cardiotocography… leads to lower fetal blood sampling ‐ ST analysis compared with CTG alone (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Fetal electrocardiogram (ECG) (ST analysis) plus cardiotocography (CTG) vs CTG alone

Instrumental vaginal birth · Pregnant women (and their fetuses) in labour, with a perceived need for continuous electronic fetal heart rate monitoring

Fetal electrocardiogram (ECG) (ST analysis) plus cardiotocography… leads to lower operative vaginal delivery ‐ ST analysis compared with CTG alone (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review