Dropout · post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
Adjunctive couple or family therapy showed no clear difference in treatment dropout (treatment acceptability) compared with structured or non‐specific individual therapy alone (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Instances of severe aggression or violence · post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
1 finding from 1 review
Depressive symptoms · patients with depression
2 findings from 1 review
Any adverse events Up to 3 months · patients with depression
Music therapy plus treatment as usual (TAU) showed no clear difference in any adverse events Up to 3 months compared with TAU (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Functioning at · patients with depression
1 finding from 1 review
Quality of life (RAND‐36) Up to 3 months · patients with depression
1 finding from 1 review
Behaviour: Leaving the study early (short‐term) · patients with depression
Music therapy plus treatment as usual (TAU) showed no clear difference in leaving the study early Up to 3 months compared with TAU (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Anxiety · patients with depression
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
PTSD severity following treatment completion As assessed by the CAPS, PSS‐I, or IES‐R. High scores indicate greater symptom severity · Individuals with post‐traumatic stress disorder and comorbid substance use disorder
1 finding from 1 review
Drug or alcohol use, or both following treatment completion ‐ Group‐based intervention As assessed by the ASI, TLFB or CIDI. High scores indicate greater symptom severity · Individuals with post‐traumatic stress disorder and comorbid substance use disorder
1 finding from 1 review
Treatment completers ‐ Group‐based intervention · Individuals with post‐traumatic stress disorder and comorbid substance use disorder
Non‐trauma‐focused psychological intervention for PTSD and SUD or… showed no clear difference in treatment completers ‐ Group‐based intervention compared with control intervention (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Severity of PTSD symptoms · Individuals with post‐traumatic stress disorder and comorbid substance use disorder
1 finding from 1 review
Drug or alcohol use, or both following treatment completion ‐ Individual‐based intervention · Individuals with post‐traumatic stress disorder and comorbid substance use disorder
1 finding from 1 review
Treatment completers · Individuals with post‐traumatic stress disorder and comorbid substance use disorder
It is very uncertain whether non‐trauma‐focused psychological intervention for PTSD and SUD or… changes treatment completers compared with active psychological intervention (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Drug or alcohol use, or both following treatment completion As assessed by the TLFB or CIDI. High scores indicate greater symptom severity · Individuals with post‐traumatic stress disorder and comorbid substance use disorder
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Treatment completers · Individuals with post‐traumatic stress disorder and comorbid substance use disorder
The intervention may leads to lower treatment completers (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Severity of PTSD symptoms · Individuals with post‐traumatic stress disorder and comorbid substance use disorder
1 finding from 1 review
Drug or alcohol use, or both following treatment completion ‐ Individual‐based intervention · Individuals with post‐traumatic stress disorder and comorbid substance use disorder
1 finding from 1 review
Treatment completers · Individuals with post‐traumatic stress disorder and comorbid substance use disorder
Trauma‐focused psychological intervention showed no clear difference in treatment completers compared with active psychological intervention (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Clinical non‐response at post‐treatment · patients with depression
It is very uncertain whether mindfulness‐based 'third wave' cognitive and behavioural therapies changes clinical non‐response at post‐treatment compared with other psychological therapies (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review