Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,432 questions · 1,467 findings · 116 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 232 · 15.8%GRADE not reported 202 · 13.8%Very low 286 · 19.5%Low 327 · 22.3%Moderate 286 · 19.5%High 134 · 9.1%

Combination therapy vs alpha‐blocker

Surgical intervention · men with lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic obstruction

It is very uncertain whether combination therapy changes surgical intervention compared with alpha‐blockers (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Combination fluticasone/salmeterol vs budesonide/formoterol

Number of participants experiencing one or more episode requiring treatment with oral steroids · adults and children with chronic asthma

Combination fluticasone/salmeterol showed no clear difference in participants experiencing exacerbations requiring oral steroid… compared with budesonide/formoterol (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Combination fluticasone/salmeterol vs budesonide/formoterol

Hospital admissions due to exacerbations: number of participants · adults and children with chronic asthma

Combination fluticasone/salmeterol showed no clear difference in participants experiencing exacerbations requiring admission to… compared with budesonide/formoterol (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Combination fluticasone/salmeterol vs budesonide/formoterol

Asthma‐related serious adverse event · adults and children with chronic asthma

Combination fluticasone/salmeterol showed no clear difference in asthma‐related serious adverse event compared with budesonide/formoterol (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Combination fluticasone/salmeterol vs budesonide/formoterol

Withdrawals due to adverse events · adults and children with chronic asthma

Combination fluticasone/salmeterol showed no clear difference in withdrawals (adverse events) compared with budesonide/formoterol (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review