Cognitive training vs control
Attention · people with multiple sclerosis
Cognitive training showed no clear difference in attention compared with any control (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- SMD 0.065 studies · 573 participantsLow
Findings
What do systematic reviews say?
134 questions · 147 findings · 17 reviews
No studies found 19 · 12.9%GRADE not reported 10 · 6.8%Very low 51 · 34.7%Low 46 · 31.3%Moderate 17 · 11.6%High 4 · 2.7%
Cognitive training vs control
Information processing speed · people with multiple sclerosis
It is very uncertain whether cognitive training changes information processing speed compared with any control (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- SMD 0.154 studies · 176 participantsVery low
Cognitive training vs control
Memory span · people with multiple sclerosis
Cognitive training may leads to higher memory span compared with any control (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- SMD 0.54 [0.2, 0.88]2 studies · 150 participantsLow
Cognitive training vs control
Cognitive subdomain: working memory measured at the end of · people with multiple sclerosis
It is very uncertain whether cognitive training changes working memory compared with any control (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- SMD 0.33 [0.09, 0.57]3 studies · 288 participantsVery low
Cognitive training vs control
Immediate verbal memory · people with multiple sclerosis
Cognitive training showed no clear difference in immediate verbal memory compared with any control (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- SMD 0.24 studies · 360 participantsLow
Cognitive training vs control
Executive function (specific cognitive function) · people with multiple sclerosis
It is very uncertain whether cognitive training changes executive functions compared with any control (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- SMD 0.352 studies · 112 participantsVery low
Cognitive training vs control
Depression · people with multiple sclerosis
It is very uncertain whether cognitive training changes depression compared with any control (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- SMD 0.265 studies · 196 participantsVery low
Cognitive training vs active control
Prodromal symptoms: transition to psychosis Endpoint data (events) · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis
1 finding from 1 review
- no estimate extracted0 studies · 0 participantsGRADE not reported
Cognitive training vs active control
Global state: clinically important change in global state · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis
1 finding from 1 review
- no estimate extracted0 studies · 0 participantsGRADE not reported
Cognitive training vs active control
Mental state: psychosis risk symptoms SOPS total (higher score = worse, scale from: 0‐114) · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis
1 finding from 1 review
- no estimate extracted1 study · 62 participantsVery low
Cognitive training vs active control
Behaviour: clinically important change in behaviour · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis
1 finding from 1 review
- no estimate extracted0 studies · 0 participantsGRADE not reported
Cognitive training vs active control
Adverse effects: at least one serious adverse event · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis
1 finding from 1 review
- no estimate extracted0 studies · 0 participantsGRADE not reported
Cognitive training vs active control
Quality of life: clinically important change in quality of life · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis
1 finding from 1 review
- no estimate extracted0 studies · 0 participantsGRADE not reported
Cognitive training vs active control
Satisfaction with treatment: 1. Leaving the study early ‐ long term · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis
It is very uncertain whether group C other: cognitive training changes satisfaction with treatment: leaving the study early Endpoint data… compared with active control (tablet games) (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- RR 0.78 [0.48, 1.29]1 study · 83 participantsVery low
Cognitive training combined with other neuropsychological rehabilitation methods vs control
Immediate verbal memory · people with multiple sclerosis
It is very uncertain whether cognitive training combined with other neuropsychological… changes immediate verbal memory compared with any control (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- SMD 0.31 [0.08, 0.54]7 studies · 308 participantsVery low
Cognitive training combined with other neuropsychological rehabilitation methods vs control
Delayed memory · people with multiple sclerosis
Cognitive training combined with other neuropsychological… probably leads to higher delayed memory compared with any control (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- SMD 0.22 [0.02, 0.42]4 studies · 400 participantsModerate
Cognitive training combined with other neuropsychological rehabilitation methods vs control
Depression · people with multiple sclerosis
Cognitive training combined with other neuropsychological… showed no clear difference in depression compared with any control (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- MD 0.254 studies · 187 participantsLow
Cognitive training combined with other neuropsychological rehabilitation methods vs control
Fatigue · people with multiple sclerosis
It is very uncertain whether cognitive training combined with other neuropsychological… changes fatigue compared with any control (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- SMD 0.083 studies · 159 participantsVery low
Cognitive training combined with other neuropsychological rehabilitation methods vs control
Attention · people with multiple sclerosis
Cognitive training combined with other neuropsychological… probably leads to higher attention compared with any control (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- SMD 0.15 [0.01, 0.28]5 studies · 894 participantsModerate
Cognitive training combined with other neuropsychological rehabilitation methods vs control
Information processing speed · people with multiple sclerosis
It is very uncertain whether cognitive training combined with other neuropsychological… changes information processing speed compared with any control (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- SMD 0.053 studies · 181 participantsVery low