Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

61 questions · 67 findings · 11 reviews

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No studies found 2 · 3%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 14 · 20.9%Low 29 · 43.3%Moderate 20 · 29.9%High 2 · 3%

Morphine vs buprenorphine

Days treatment · newborn infants with opioid withdrawal

1 finding from 1 review

Opioid treatment for opioid withdrawal in newborn infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 112 participants
Moderate

Morphine vs buprenorphine

Adverse events (treatment related) To discharge · newborn infants with opioid withdrawal

It is very uncertain whether morphine changes adverse events (treatment‐related) To discharge compared with buprenorphine (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Opioid treatment for opioid withdrawal in newborn infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.33 [0.01, 7.5]
3 studies · 113 participants
Very low

Methadone vs buprenorphine

Dropout · opiate‐dependent pregnant women

Methadone showed no clear difference in dropout rate compared with buprenorphine (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Maintenance agonist treatments for opiate‐dependent pregnant women 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.66 [0.37, 1.2]
3 studies · 223 participants
Moderate

Methadone vs buprenorphine

Use of Primary Substance · opiate‐dependent pregnant women

Methadone showed no clear difference in use of primary substance compared with buprenorphine (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Maintenance agonist treatments for opiate‐dependent pregnant women 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.81 [0.7, 4.68]
2 studies · 151 participants
Low

Methadone vs buprenorphine

Birthweight (g) · opiate‐dependent pregnant women

1 finding from 1 review

Maintenance agonist treatments for opiate‐dependent pregnant women 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 19 participants
Very low

Methadone vs buprenorphine

APGAR scoreScale from: 0 to 10 · opiate‐dependent pregnant women

1 finding from 1 review

Maintenance agonist treatments for opiate‐dependent pregnant women 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 163 participants
Low

Methadone vs buprenorphine

Number treated for NAS · opiate‐dependent pregnant women

Methadone showed no clear difference in number treated for NAS compared with buprenorphine (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Maintenance agonist treatments for opiate‐dependent pregnant women 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.19 [0.87, 1.63]
3 studies · 166 participants
Low

Methadone vs buprenorphine

Proportion of mothers with serious adverse events ( · opiate‐dependent pregnant women

Methadone showed no clear difference in serious adverse events for the mother compared with buprenorphine (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Maintenance agonist treatments for opiate‐dependent pregnant women 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.69 [0.75, 3.83]
1 study · 175 participants
Low

Methadone vs buprenorphine

Serious adverse events for the child · opiate‐dependent pregnant women

Methadone showed no clear difference in serious adverse events for the child compared with buprenorphine (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Maintenance agonist treatments for opiate‐dependent pregnant women 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 4.77 [0.59, 38.49]
1 study · 131 participants
Low

Dihydrocodeine vs buprenorphine

Abstinence · individuals dependent on illicit opiates

Dihydrocodeine showed no clear difference in abstinence Assessed by urinalysis post‐detoxification compared with buprenorphine (low certainty).

3 findings from 1 review

Dihydrocodeine for detoxification and maintenance treatment in individuals with opiate use disorders 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.42 [0.11, 1.57]
2 studies · 150 participants
Low
Dihydrocodeine for detoxification and maintenance treatment in individuals with opiate use disorders 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.59 [0.26, 1.31]
2 studies · 150 participants
Low
Dihydrocodeine for detoxification and maintenance treatment in individuals with opiate use disorders 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.59 [0.25, 1.39]
2 studies · 150 participants
Low

Dihydrocodeine vs buprenorphine

Serious adverse events or adverse events · individuals dependent on illicit opiates

1 finding from 1 review

Dihydrocodeine for detoxification and maintenance treatment in individuals with opiate use disorders 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 150 participants
Low

Dihydrocodeine vs buprenorphine

Treatment retention Early dropout · individuals dependent on illicit opiates

Dihydrocodeine showed no clear difference in treatment retention Early dropout compared with buprenorphine (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dihydrocodeine for detoxification and maintenance treatment in individuals with opiate use disorders 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.29 [0.99, 1.68]
2 studies · 150 participants
Low

Pre‐ vs post‐release buprenorphine use

Heroin use and positive urine screen testing · 211 adults

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for female drug‐using offenders 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 211 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Retention in treatment · People with opioid dependence.

The intervention leads to lower retention in treatment (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Buprenorphine maintenance versus placebo or methadone maintenance for opioid dependence 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.83 [0.73, 0.95]
11 studies · 1391 participants
High

Intervention not reported

Morphine‐positive urines · People with opioid dependence.

The intervention showed no clear difference in morphine‐positive urines (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Buprenorphine maintenance versus placebo or methadone maintenance for opioid dependence 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
8 studies · 1027 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Self‐reported heroin use · People with opioid dependence.

The intervention showed no clear difference in self‐reported heroin use (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Buprenorphine maintenance versus placebo or methadone maintenance for opioid dependence 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 501 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Cocaine‐positive urines · People with opioid dependence.

The intervention showed no clear difference in cocaine‐positive urines (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Buprenorphine maintenance versus placebo or methadone maintenance for opioid dependence 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
SMD 0.1
6 studies · 919 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Benzodiazepine‐positive urines · People with opioid dependence.

The intervention showed no clear difference in benzodiazepine‐positive urines (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Buprenorphine maintenance versus placebo or methadone maintenance for opioid dependence 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
SMD 0.05
6 studies · 859 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Retention in treatment · People with opioid dependence.

The intervention leads to higher retention in treatment (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Buprenorphine maintenance versus placebo or methadone maintenance for opioid dependence 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.82 [1.15, 2.9]
5 studies · 1001 participants
High

Intervention not reported

Morphine‐positive urines · People with opioid dependence.

The intervention showed no clear difference in morphine‐positive urines (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Buprenorphine maintenance versus placebo or methadone maintenance for opioid dependence 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 729 participants
Moderate