Antibiotics may leads to lower infection (urinary tract infection) compared with placebo (low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether CHM plus antibiotics changes effectiveness compared with antibiotics (very low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether CHM plus antibiotics changes recurrence compared with antibiotics (very low certainty).
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
It is very uncertain whether systemic antibiotics alone changes cure: successful eradication of the infection compared with systematic antibiotics plus antibiotic lock solution (very low certainty).
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
Antibiotic treatment showed no clear difference in recurrence of symptomatic UTI in children compared with placebo or no treatment (low certainty).
Antibiotic treatment showed no clear difference in recurrence of symptomatic UTI in children without VUR compared with placebo or no treatment (low certainty).
Antibiotic treatment showed no clear difference in recurrence of symptomatic UTI in children with VUR compared with placebo or no treatment (low certainty).
Antibiotic treatment probably leads to lower recurrence of symptomatic UTI in children, in studies with adequate… compared with placebo or no treatment (moderate certainty).
It is very uncertain whether antibiotic treatment changes repeat positive urine culture compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).
Antibiotic treatment showed no clear difference in all adverse events compared with placebo or no treatment (low certainty).
Antibiotic treatment showed no clear difference in microbial resistance to prophylactic drug compared with placebo or no treatment (moderate certainty).
Nasal antibiotics showed no clear difference in peritonitis (number of patients with one or more episodes) compared with placebo/no treatment (low certainty).
Nasal antibiotics showed no clear difference in exit‐site/ tunnel infection (number of patients with one or more… compared with placebo/no treatment (low certainty).
Nasal antibiotics showed no clear difference in catheter removal or replacement (number of patients) compared with placebo/no treatment (low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether surgical reimplantation of ureters plus antibiotics changes ESKD compared with antibiotics alone (very low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether surgical reimplantation of ureters plus antibiotics changes hypertension compared with antibiotics alone (very low certainty).
The review found no eligible studies for this question.