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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,956 questions in 143 reviews · Musculoskeletal
current versionsNo studies 555 · 28.4%Ungraded 107 · 5.5%Very low 255 · 13%Low 555 · 28.4%Moderate 357 · 18.3%High 127 · 6.5%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Combination of manual therapy and exercise following joint distension vs sham ultrasound following joint distension Function (change from baseline) SPADI 0‐100 (lower scores = better function) · patients with adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) Manual therapy and exercise for adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 148 participants | High |
Combination of manual therapy and exercise following joint distension vs sham ultrasound following joint distension Active shoulder abduction (change from baseline) Degrees · patients with adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) Manual therapy and exercise for adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 148 participants | High |
Combination of manual therapy and exercise following joint distension vs sham ultrasound following joint distension Quality of life (change from baseline) SF‐36 Physical Component Score (0‐100) (lower scores = worse quality of life) · patients with adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) Manual therapy and exercise for adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 148 participants | High |
Combination of manual therapy and exercise following joint distension vs sham ultrasound following joint distension Global assessment of treatment success "Success, much improved, and/or completely recovered" (self‐rated) · patients with adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) Manual therapy and exercise for adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) (2014) · Cochrane | RR 1.33 | 1 study · 148 participants | High |
Combination of manual therapy and exercise following joint distension vs sham ultrasound following joint distension Adverse events · patients with adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) Manual therapy and exercise for adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.99 | 1 study · 149 participants | High |
Combination of manual therapy, exercise, electrotherapy and oral NSAID vs oral NSAID Participant‐reported pain relief ≥ 30% · patients with adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) Manual therapy and exercise for adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Combination of manual therapy, exercise, electrotherapy and oral NSAID vs oral NSAID Overall pain · patients with adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) Manual therapy and exercise for adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Combination of manual therapy, exercise, electrotherapy and oral NSAID vs oral NSAID Function (change from baseline) Shoulder Pain and Disability Questionnaire (SPADI, 0‐100) (lower scores = better function) · patients with adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) Manual therapy and exercise for adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 119 participants | Low |
Combination of manual therapy, exercise, electrotherapy and oral NSAID vs oral NSAID Global assessment of treatment success "Disappearance of shoulder complaints or some pain/limitation which does not interfere with everyday life" · patients with adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) Manual therapy and exercise for adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) (2014) · Cochrane | RR 1.45 | 1 study · 109 participants | Low |
Combination of manual therapy and exercise vs glucocorticoid injection Global assessment of treatment success Complete recovery or much improvement (self‐rated) · patients with adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) Manual therapy and exercise for adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.6 | 1 study · 108 participants | Moderate |
Combination of manual therapy, exercise, electrotherapy and oral NSAID vs oral NSAID Active shoulder abduction · patients with adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) Manual therapy and exercise for adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Combination of manual therapy, exercise, electrotherapy and oral NSAID vs oral NSAID Quality of life · patients with adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) Manual therapy and exercise for adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Combination of manual therapy, exercise, electrotherapy and oral NSAID vs oral NSAID Adverse events Pain persisting longer than 2 hours after treatment (during the 3‐week treatment period) · patients with adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) Manual therapy and exercise for adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) (2014) · Cochrane | RR 8.85 | 1 study · 119 participants | Low |
Combination of manual therapy and exercise vs glucocorticoid injection Active shoulder abduction · patients with adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) Manual therapy and exercise for adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Combination of manual therapy and exercise vs glucocorticoid injection Quality of life · patients with adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) Manual therapy and exercise for adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Combination of manual therapy and exercise vs glucocorticoid injection Adverse events · patients with adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) Manual therapy and exercise for adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) (2014) · Cochrane | RR 1.07 | 1 study · 114 participants | Moderate |
Combination of manual therapy, exercise, electrotherapy and placebo injection vs glucocorticoid injection Participant‐reported pain relief ≥ 30% · patients with adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) Manual therapy and exercise for adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Combination of manual therapy, exercise, electrotherapy and placebo injection vs glucocorticoid injection Overall pain (change from baseline) Shoulder Pain and Disability Questionnaire (SPADI, 0‐100) (lower scores = less pain)a · patients with adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) Manual therapy and exercise for adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 86 participants | Low |
Low‐level laser therapy (LLLT) vs placebo Participant‐reported pain relief ≥ 30% · patients with adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) Electrotherapy modalities for adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Pulsed electromagnetic field therapy (PEMF) vs placebo Function Total recovery of joint function · patients with adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) Electrotherapy modalities for adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) (2014) · Cochrane | RR 14.24 [0.91, 221.75] | 1 study · 32 participants | Very low |
Pulsed electromagnetic field therapy (PEMF) vs placebo Global assessment of treatment success · patients with adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) Electrotherapy modalities for adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Pulsed electromagnetic field therapy (PEMF) vs placebo Active shoulder abduction · patients with adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) Electrotherapy modalities for adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Pulsed electromagnetic field therapy (PEMF) vs placebo Quality of life · patients with adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) Electrotherapy modalities for adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Pulsed electromagnetic field therapy (PEMF) vs placebo Adverse events · patients with adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) Electrotherapy modalities for adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Low‐level laser therapy (LLLT) plus exercise vs exercise Participant‐reported pain relief ≥ 30% · patients with adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) Electrotherapy modalities for adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Low‐level laser therapy (LLLT) plus exercise vs exercise Overall pain 0‐100 visual analogue scale (lower score = less pain) · patients with adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) Electrotherapy modalities for adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 63 participants | Moderate |
Low‐level laser therapy (LLLT) plus exercise vs exercise Function Shoulder Disabilty Questionnaire 0‐100 (lower scores = better function) · patients with adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) Electrotherapy modalities for adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 63 participants | Moderate |
Low‐level laser therapy (LLLT) plus exercise vs exercise Global assessment of treatment success · patients with adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) Electrotherapy modalities for adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Low‐level laser therapy (LLLT) plus exercise vs exercise Active shoulder abduction Degrees · patients with adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) Electrotherapy modalities for adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 63 participants | Moderate |
Low‐level laser therapy (LLLT) vs placebo Overall pain · patients with adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) Electrotherapy modalities for adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Low‐level laser therapy (LLLT) plus exercise vs exercise Quality of life · patients with adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) Electrotherapy modalities for adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Low‐level laser therapy (LLLT) plus exercise vs exercise Adverse events · patients with adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) Electrotherapy modalities for adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 63 participants | Moderate |
Low‐level laser therapy (LLLT) vs placebo Function · patients with adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) Electrotherapy modalities for adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Low‐level laser therapy (LLLT) vs placebo Global assessment of treatment success 'Excellent' or 'good' result (self‐rated) · patients with adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) Electrotherapy modalities for adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) (2014) · Cochrane | RR 8 [2.11, 30.34] | 1 study · 40 participants | Low |
Low‐level laser therapy (LLLT) vs placebo Active shoulder abduction · patients with adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) Electrotherapy modalities for adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Low‐level laser therapy (LLLT) vs placebo Quality of life · patients with adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) Electrotherapy modalities for adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Low‐level laser therapy (LLLT) vs placebo Adverse events · patients with adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) Electrotherapy modalities for adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 40 participants | Low |
Pulsed electromagnetic field therapy (PEMF) vs placebo Participant‐reported pain relief ≥ 30% Complete resolution of SPADI pain · patients with adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) Electrotherapy modalities for adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) (2014) · Cochrane | RR 19.19 [1.25, 294.21] | 1 study · 32 participants | Very low |
Pulsed electromagnetic field therapy (PEMF) vs placebo Overall pain · patients with adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) Electrotherapy modalities for adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Aquatic training vs control Multidimensional function Self report questionnaire FIQ ‐ total (range 0 to 100, lower scores indicate greater health) · adults with fibromyalgia Aquatic exercise training for fibromyalgia (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 367 participants | Moderate |
Aquatic training vs land‐based training Pain Self reported measures FIQ pain, SF‐36 bodily pain and VAS (transformed range 0 to 100, higher scores mean more pain) · adults with fibromyalgia Aquatic exercise training for fibromyalgia (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 169 participants | Low |
Aquatic training vs land‐based training Stiffness Self reported measures FIQ stiffness (0 to 100 mm) · adults with fibromyalgia Aquatic exercise training for fibromyalgia (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 34 participants | Very low |
Aquatic training vs land‐based training Muscle strength Grip strength Kilo Pascals (kPa). Higher scores indicate greater health · adults with fibromyalgia Aquatic exercise training for fibromyalgia (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 34 participants | Very low |
Aquatic training vs land‐based training Submaximal cardiorespiratory function Walking time (seconds required to complete 100 meters) · adults with fibromyalgia Aquatic exercise training for fibromyalgia (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 34 participants | Very low |
Aquatic training vs land‐based training Withdrawals and adverse effects8 · adults with fibromyalgia Aquatic exercise training for fibromyalgia (2014) · Cochrane | Risk ratio 0.91 [0.43, 1.91] | 4 studies · 217 participants | Low |
Aquatic training vs control Self reported physical function FIQ physical function scale and SF‐36 physical function scale (transformed range 0 to 100, lower scores indicate greater health) · adults with fibromyalgia Aquatic exercise training for fibromyalgia (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 285 participants | Moderate |
Aquatic training vs control Pain Self reported questionnaires (i.e., FIQ pain, SF‐36 bodily pain, current pain VAS) (transformed range 0 ‐ 100, lower scores indicate greater health). · adults with fibromyalgia Aquatic exercise training for fibromyalgia (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 382 participants | Low |
Aquatic training vs control Stiffness Self reported questionnaire FIQ Stiffness scale (0 to 100 mm VAS, lower scores indicate greater health) · adults with fibromyalgia Aquatic exercise training for fibromyalgia (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 230 participants | Low |
Aquatic training vs control Muscle strength Isokinetic strength of knee extension and hand grip. Higher scores indicate greater health · adults with fibromyalgia Aquatic exercise training for fibromyalgia (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 152 participants | Low |
Aquatic training vs control Submaximal cardiorespiratory function 6‐minute walk test (distance in meters). Higher scores indicate greater health · adults with fibromyalgia Aquatic exercise training for fibromyalgia (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 213 participants | Low |