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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,395 questions in 172 reviews · Gut
current versionsNo studies 420 · 17.5%Ungraded 60 · 2.5%Very low 821 · 34.3%Low 602 · 25.1%Moderate 397 · 16.6%High 95 · 4%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Duodenal stenting vs surgical palliation Health‐related quality of life · people with malignant gastric outlet obstruction Stent placement versus surgical palliation for adults with malignant gastric outlet obstruction (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Usual care vs immunosuppressive withdrawal after monotherapy Relapse at 12, 18 or 24 months · Patients with quiescent Crohn's disease Withdrawal of immunosuppressant or biologic therapy for patients with quiescent Crohn's disease (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.42 [0.24, 0.72] | 4 studies · 215 participants | Low |
Usual care vs immunosuppressive withdrawal after monotherapy New CD‐related complications · Patients with quiescent Crohn's disease Withdrawal of immunosuppressant or biologic therapy for patients with quiescent Crohn's disease (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.34 [0.06, 2.08] | 2 studies · 135 participants | Very low |
Usual care vs immunosuppressive withdrawal after monotherapy Adverse events · Patients with quiescent Crohn's disease Withdrawal of immunosuppressant or biologic therapy for patients with quiescent Crohn's disease (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.88 [0.67, 1.17] | 3 studies · 186 participants | Low |
Usual care vs immunosuppressive withdrawal after monotherapy Serious adverse events · Patients with quiescent Crohn's disease Withdrawal of immunosuppressant or biologic therapy for patients with quiescent Crohn's disease (2018) · Cochrane | RR 3.29 [0.35, 30.8] | 2 studies · 134 participants | Very low |
Usual care vs immunosuppressive withdrawal after monotherapy Withdrawal due to adverse events · Patients with quiescent Crohn's disease Withdrawal of immunosuppressant or biologic therapy for patients with quiescent Crohn's disease (2018) · Cochrane | RR 2.59 [0.35, 19.04] | 2 studies · 135 participants | Very low |
Usual care vs immunosuppressive withdrawal after combination therapy Relapse at 12 or 24 months · Patients with quiescent Crohn's disease Withdrawal of immunosuppressant or biologic therapy for patients with quiescent Crohn's disease (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.02 [0.68, 1.52] | 2 studies · 111 participants | Low |
Usual care vs immunosuppressive withdrawal after combination therapy Adverse events · Patients with quiescent Crohn's disease Withdrawal of immunosuppressant or biologic therapy for patients with quiescent Crohn's disease (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.11 [0.44, 2.81] | 2 studies · 111 participants | Low |
Usual care vs immunosuppressive withdrawal after combination therapy Serious adverse events · Patients with quiescent Crohn's disease Withdrawal of immunosuppressant or biologic therapy for patients with quiescent Crohn's disease (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1 [0.21, 4.66] | 1 study · 80 participants | Very low |
Cannabis cigarettes (115 mg THC) vs placebo cigarettes Proportion of patients achieving clinical remission · participants with active Crohn's disease Cannabis for the treatment of Crohn's disease (2018) · Cochrane | RR 4.55 [0.63, 32.56] | 1 study · 21 participants | Very low |
Cannabis oil (5% cannabidiol sublingual oil) vs placebo oil CRP (mg/dL) at end of study · participants with active Crohn's disease Cannabis for the treatment of Crohn's disease (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Cannabis oil (5% cannabidiol sublingual oil) vs placebo oil Quality of life · participants with active Crohn's disease Cannabis for the treatment of Crohn's disease (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Cannabis oil (5% cannabidiol sublingual oil) vs placebo oil Adverse events · participants with active Crohn's disease Cannabis for the treatment of Crohn's disease (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Cannabis oil (5% cannabidiol sublingual oil) vs placebo oil Serious adverse events · participants with active Crohn's disease Cannabis for the treatment of Crohn's disease (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.9 [0.07, 12.38] | 1 study · 19 participants | Very low |
Cannabis oil (5% cannabidiol sublingual oil) vs placebo oil Withdrawal due to adverse events · participants with active Crohn's disease Cannabis for the treatment of Crohn's disease (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Cannabis oil (15% cannabidiol and 4% THC) vs placebo oil Proportion of patients achieving clinical remission · participants with active Crohn's disease Cannabis for the treatment of Crohn's disease (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Cannabis oil (15% cannabidiol and 4% THC) vs placebo oil Proportion of patients achieving clinical response · participants with active Crohn's disease Cannabis for the treatment of Crohn's disease (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Cannabis oil (15% cannabidiol and 4% THC) vs placebo oil CRP (mg/dL) at end of study · participants with active Crohn's disease Cannabis for the treatment of Crohn's disease (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Cannabis oil (15% cannabidiol and 4% THC) vs placebo oil Quality of life Short‐Form 36 health survey (SF‐36) · participants with active Crohn's disease Cannabis for the treatment of Crohn's disease (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 39 participants | Low |
Cannabis oil (15% cannabidiol and 4% THC) vs placebo oil Adverse events · participants with active Crohn's disease Cannabis for the treatment of Crohn's disease (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Cannabis cigarettes (115 mg THC) vs placebo cigarettes Proportion of patients achieving clinical response · participants with active Crohn's disease Cannabis for the treatment of Crohn's disease (2018) · Cochrane | RR 2.27 [1.04, 4.97] | 1 study · 21 participants | Very low |
Cannabis oil (15% cannabidiol and 4% THC) vs placebo oil Serious adverse events · participants with active Crohn's disease Cannabis for the treatment of Crohn's disease (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Cannabis oil (15% cannabidiol and 4% THC) vs placebo oil Withdrawal due to adverse events · participants with active Crohn's disease Cannabis for the treatment of Crohn's disease (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Cannabis cigarettes (115 mg THC) vs placebo cigarettes CRP (mg/dL) at end of study · participants with active Crohn's disease Cannabis for the treatment of Crohn's disease (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.36 [0.28, 6.56] | 1 study · 21 participants | Low |
Cannabis cigarettes (115 mg THC) vs placebo cigarettes Quality of life Short‐Form 36 health survey (SF‐36) · participants with active Crohn's disease Cannabis for the treatment of Crohn's disease (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Cannabis cigarettes (115 mg THC) vs placebo cigarettes Adverse events · participants with active Crohn's disease Cannabis for the treatment of Crohn's disease (2018) · Cochrane | RR 4.09 [1.15, 14.57] | 1 study · 21 participants | Very low |
Cannabis cigarettes (115 mg THC) vs placebo cigarettes Serious adverse events · participants with active Crohn's disease Cannabis for the treatment of Crohn's disease (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Cannabis cigarettes (115 mg THC) vs placebo cigarettes Withdrawal due to adverse events · participants with active Crohn's disease Cannabis for the treatment of Crohn's disease (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Cannabis oil (5% cannabidiol sublingual oil) vs placebo oil Proportion of patients achieving clinical remission · participants with active Crohn's disease Cannabis for the treatment of Crohn's disease (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.2 [0.36, 3.97] | 1 study · 19 participants | Very low |
Cannabis oil (5% cannabidiol sublingual oil) vs placebo oil Proportion of patients achieving clinical response · participants with active Crohn's disease Cannabis for the treatment of Crohn's disease (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Cannabidiol vs placebo Clinical remission at 10 weeks · participants with active ulcerative colitis Cannabis for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.94 [0.39, 2.25] | 1 study · 60 participants | Low |
Cannabis cigarettes vs placebo CRP at 8 weeks · participants with active ulcerative colitis Cannabis for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 28 participants | Low |
Cannabis cigarettes vs placebo Quality of life Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ) · participants with active ulcerative colitis Cannabis for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Cannabis cigarettes vs placebo Adverse events · participants with active ulcerative colitis Cannabis for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Cannabis cigarettes vs placebo Serious adverse events · participants with active ulcerative colitis Cannabis for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Cannabis cigarettes vs placebo Withdrawal due to adverse events · participants with active ulcerative colitis Cannabis for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Cannabidiol vs placebo Clinical response at 10 weeks · participants with active ulcerative colitis Cannabis for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.37 [0.59, 3.21] | 1 study · 60 participants | Low |
Cannabidiol vs placebo CRP at 10 weeks · participants with active ulcerative colitis Cannabis for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 59 participants | Moderate |
Cannabidiol vs placebo Quality of life Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ) at 10 weeks · participants with active ulcerative colitis Cannabis for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 53 participants | Moderate |
Cannabidiol vs placebo Adverse events · participants with active ulcerative colitis Cannabis for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.28 [1.05, 1.56] | 1 study · 60 participants | Moderate |
Cannabidiol vs placebo Serious adverse events · participants with active ulcerative colitis Cannabis for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.15 [0.01, 2.83] | 1 study · 60 participants | Low |
Cannabidiol vs placebo Withdrawal due to adverse event · participants with active ulcerative colitis Cannabis for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (2018) · Cochrane | RR 2.14 [0.83, 5.51] | 1 study · 60 participants | Low |
Cannabis cigarettes vs placebo Clinical remission · participants with active ulcerative colitis Cannabis for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Cannabis cigarettes vs placebo Clinical response · participants with active ulcerative colitis Cannabis for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Surveillance vs non surveillance Cancer detection · detecting colon cancer in patients with inflammatory bowel disease Strategies for detecting colon cancer in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (2017) · Cochrane | OR 0.58 [0.42, 0.8] | 3 studies · 7151 participants | Very low |
Surveillance vs non surveillance Death from colorectal cancer · detecting colon cancer in patients with inflammatory bowel disease Strategies for detecting colon cancer in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (2017) · Cochrane | OR 0.36 [0.19, 0.69] | 4 studies · 530 participants | Very low |
Surveillance vs non surveillance Cancer stage‐ Duke A or B · detecting colon cancer in patients with inflammatory bowel disease Strategies for detecting colon cancer in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (2017) · Cochrane | OR 5.4 [1.51, 19.3] | 2 studies · 227 participants | Very low |
Surveillance vs non surveillance Cancer stage‐ Duke C or D · detecting colon cancer in patients with inflammatory bowel disease Strategies for detecting colon cancer in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (2017) · Cochrane | OR 0.46 [0.08, 2.51] | 2 studies · 227 participants | Very low |
Bismuth subsalicylate vs placebo Clinical response · Patients with collagenous colitis Interventions for treating collagenous colitis (2017) · Cochrane | RR 10.8 [0.75, 155.93] | 1 study · 9 participants | Very low |
Budesonide vs mesalazine Serious adverse events · Patients with collagenous colitis Interventions for treating collagenous colitis (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.12 [0.01, 2.21] | 1 study · 55 participants | Low |