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What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,340 questions · 1,512 findings · 205 reviews

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No studies found 317 · 21%GRADE not reported 358 · 23.7%Very low 356 · 23.5%Low 271 · 17.9%Moderate 173 · 11.4%High 37 · 2.4%

Timing of wound closure (immediate vs delayed)

Deep surgical site infection · adults with open long bone fractures of the upper and lower limbs

It is very uncertain whether timing of wound closure (immediate changes deep surgical site infection compared with delayed) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Timing of wound closure (immediate vs delayed)

Delayed or non‐union (medium term) · adults with open long bone fractures of the upper and lower limbs

It is very uncertain whether timing of wound closure (immediate changes delayed union or non‐union compared with delayed) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Timing of wound closure (immediate vs delayed)

Adverse events ‐ superficial infection · adults with open long bone fractures of the upper and lower limbs

It is very uncertain whether timing of wound closure (immediate changes adverse events ‐ superficial infection compared with delayed) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Deep surgical site infection at 30 days or 90 days, or time points reported by study authors · adults with open long bone fractures; study in the review included only Gustilo II open tibia fractures

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Adverse events: superficial infection · adults with open long bone fractures; study in the review included only Gustilo II open tibia fractures

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes adverse events: superficial infection (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pre‐emptive antifungal therapy vs empirical antifungal therapy

All‐cause mortality · people with cancer who have febrile neutropenia

Pre‐emptive antifungal therapy showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality compared with empirical antifungal therapy (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pre‐emptive antifungal therapy vs empirical antifungal therapy

Mortality ascribed to fungal infection · people with cancer who have febrile neutropenia

Pre‐emptive antifungal therapy showed no clear difference in mortality ascribed to fungal infection compared with empirical antifungal therapy (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pre‐emptive antifungal therapy vs empirical antifungal therapy

Proportion of antifungal agent use (other than prophylactic use) · people with cancer who have febrile neutropenia

It is very uncertain whether pre‐emptive antifungal therapy changes proportion of antifungal agent use (other than prophylactic use) compared with empirical antifungal therapy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pre‐emptive antifungal therapy vs empirical antifungal therapy

Duration of antifungal use (days) · people with cancer who have febrile neutropenia

It is very uncertain whether pre‐emptive antifungal therapy changes duration of antifungal use (days) compared with empirical antifungal therapy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pre‐emptive antifungal therapy vs empirical antifungal therapy

Invasive fungal infection detection · people with cancer who have febrile neutropenia

It is very uncertain whether pre‐emptive antifungal therapy changes invasive fungal infection detection compared with empirical antifungal therapy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review