Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

592 questions · 618 findings · 64 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 116 · 18.8%GRADE not reported 59 · 9.5%Very low 206 · 33.3%Low 158 · 25.6%Moderate 79 · 12.8%High 0 · 0%

CBT vs no treatment or treatment

Victim empathy: attitudes to women Measured by: Attitude Towards Women Scale (15 items; scores range from 0 to 45; higher scores indicate more egalitarian attitudes towards women) · young people (aged 10 to 18 years old) with harmful sexual behaviour
1 finding from 1 review

Evidence‐based psychological interventions vs any comparator

Diagnosis of depression · Children or adolescents

Evidence‐based psychological interventions probably leads to lower evidence‐based psychological interventions versus any comparator… compared with any comparator (moderate certainty).

3 findings from 1 review

Evidence‐based psychological interventions vs any comparator

Evidence‐based psychological interventions versus any comparator (Universal programmes) ‐ self‐rated depression scores (higher score is equivalent to a poorer outcome) · Children or adolescents
1 finding from 1 review

DCS and cognitive and behavioural therapies vs placebo and cognitive and behavioural therapies

Treatment efficacy: treatment responders As assessed per study · adults with anxiety disorders

DCS and cognitive and behavioural therapies showed no clear difference in treatment efficacy: treatment responders As assessed per study compared with placebo and cognitive and behavioural therapies (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

DCS and cognitive and behavioural therapies vs placebo and cognitive and behavioural therapies

Remission · children and adolescents with anxiety disorders

DCS and cognitive and behavioural therapies showed no clear difference in in remission As assessed per study compared with placebo and cognitive and behavioural therapies (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

DCS and cognitive and behavioural therapies vs placebo and cognitive and behavioural therapies

Condition‐specific anxiety symptoms As assessed by Y‐BOCS3 (scale from 0 to 40, better indicated by a lower score) · children and adolescents with anxiety disorders

It is very uncertain whether DCS and cognitive and behavioural therapies changes condition‐specific anxiety symptoms As assessed by Y‐BOCS3 (scale… compared with placebo and cognitive and behavioural therapies (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

DCS and cognitive and behavioural therapies vs placebo and cognitive and behavioural therapies

Co‐morbid depression · children and adolescents with anxiety disorders

It is very uncertain whether DCS and cognitive and behavioural therapies changes co‐morbid symptoms of depression As assessed by CDI5 (scale from 0… compared with placebo and cognitive and behavioural therapies (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

DCS and cognitive and behavioural therapies vs placebo and cognitive and behavioural therapies

Treatment withdrawal · adults with anxiety disorders

DCS and cognitive and behavioural therapies showed no clear difference in treatment acceptability: withdrawals from treatment compared with placebo and cognitive and behavioural therapies (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

DCS and cognitive and behavioural therapies vs placebo and cognitive and behavioural therapies

Remission · adults with anxiety disorders

DCS and cognitive and behavioural therapies showed no clear difference in in remission As assessed per study compared with placebo and cognitive and behavioural therapies (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

DCS and cognitive and behavioural therapies vs placebo and cognitive and behavioural therapies

Condition‐specific anxiety symptoms As assessed by LSAS5 (scale from: 0 to 144, better indicated by a lower score. 55 to 65 points = moderate social anxiety disorder (Liebowitz 1987)) · adults with anxiety disorders

DCS and cognitive and behavioural therapies showed no clear difference in condition‐specific anxiety symptoms As assessed by LSAS5 (scale… compared with placebo and cognitive and behavioural therapies (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

DCS and cognitive and behavioural therapies vs placebo and cognitive and behavioural therapies

Co‐morbid depression · adults with anxiety disorders

DCS and cognitive and behavioural therapies showed no clear difference in co‐morbid symptoms of depression As assessed by BDI‐II7 (scale from:… compared with placebo and cognitive and behavioural therapies (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review