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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,521 questions in 132 reviews · Hepato-Biliary
current versionsNo studies 303 · 19.9%Ungraded 39 · 2.6%Very low 876 · 57.6%Low 216 · 14.2%Moderate 65 · 4.3%High 22 · 1.4%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Intervention NR Mortality ‐ Initial hepatic artery versus initial portal vein reperfusion · patients with liver transplantation. Techniques of flushing and reperfusion for liver transplantation (2012) · Cochrane | RR 1.02 [0.22, 4.84] | 2 studies · 119 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Graft survival ‐ Retrograde IVC reperfusion versus simultaneous hepatic artery and portal vein reperfusion · patients with liver transplantation. Techniques of flushing and reperfusion for liver transplantation (2012) · Cochrane | HR 0.88 [0.44, 1.74] | 1 study · 1 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Mortality ‐ Retrograde IVC reperfusion versus simultaneous hepatic artery and portal vein reperfusion · patients with liver transplantation. Techniques of flushing and reperfusion for liver transplantation (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 131 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Patient survival ‐ Initial hepatic artery versus initial portal vein reperfusion · patients with liver transplantation. Techniques of flushing and reperfusion for liver transplantation (2012) · Cochrane | HR 1.03 [0.37, 2.86] | 1 study · 1 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Patient survival ‐ Simultaneous hepatic artery and portal vein reperfusion versus initial portal vein reperfusion · patients with liver transplantation. Techniques of flushing and reperfusion for liver transplantation (2012) · Cochrane | HR 0.45 [0.16, 1.28] | 1 study · 1 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Patient survival ‐ Retrograde IVC reperfusion versus simultaneous hepatic artery and portal vein reperfusion · patients with liver transplantation. Techniques of flushing and reperfusion for liver transplantation (2012) · Cochrane | HR 1.43 [0.58, 3.53] | 1 study · 1 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Graft survival ‐ Initial hepatic artery versus initial portal vein flush · patients with liver transplantation. Techniques of flushing and reperfusion for liver transplantation (2012) · Cochrane | HR 1.05 [0.8, 1.37] | 1 study · 1 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Graft survival ‐ Additional blood venting through IVC versus no additional blood venting through IVC · patients with liver transplantation. Techniques of flushing and reperfusion for liver transplantation (2012) · Cochrane | HR 1.15 [0.87, 1.51] | 1 study · 1 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Graft survival ‐ Initial hepatic artery versus initial portal vein reperfusion · patients with liver transplantation. Techniques of flushing and reperfusion for liver transplantation (2012) · Cochrane | HR 0.54 [0.15, 1.98] | 2 studies · 2 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Graft survival ‐ Simultaneous hepatic artery and portal vein reperfusion versus initial portal vein reperfusion · patients with liver transplantation. Techniques of flushing and reperfusion for liver transplantation (2012) · Cochrane | HR 0 | 1 study · 1 participants | Very low |
Hepatic product (HepaticAid) vs diet only (without supplement) Re‐hospitalisation post liver transplantation [event per patient] · adult patients with malnutrition and encephalopathy before and after liver transplantation. Nutritional interventions for liver‐transplanted patients (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 22 participants | Very low |
Standard casein product (Ensure) vs diet only (without supplement) Acute rejection [events per patient] · adult patients with malnutrition and encephalopathy before and after liver transplantation. Nutritional interventions for liver‐transplanted patients (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 24 participants | Very low |
Standard casein product (Ensure) vs diet only (without supplement) New onset of diabetes · adult patients with malnutrition and encephalopathy before and after liver transplantation. Nutritional interventions for liver‐transplanted patients (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 24 participants | Very low |
Standard casein product (Ensure) vs diet only (without supplement) Length of stay in hospital after liver transplantation · adult patients with malnutrition and encephalopathy before and after liver transplantation. Nutritional interventions for liver‐transplanted patients (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 24 participants | Very low |
Standard casein product (Ensure) vs diet only (without supplement) Hepatic encephalopathy related hospitalisation · adult patients with malnutrition and encephalopathy before and after liver transplantation. Nutritional interventions for liver‐transplanted patients (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 20 participants | Very low |
Standard casein product (Ensure) vs diet only (without supplement) Changes in grade of hepatic encephalopathy [grade 0‐4] · adult patients with malnutrition and encephalopathy before and after liver transplantation. Nutritional interventions for liver‐transplanted patients (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 20 participants | Very low |
Nutritional supplement (500ml) and standard diet vs standard diet alone Mortality during time on waiting list (ITT) · adult patients before and after liver transplantation. Nutritional interventions for liver‐transplanted patients (2012) · Cochrane | OR 0.24 [0.02, 1.37] | 1 study · 82 participants | Very low |
Nutritional supplement (500ml) and standard diet vs standard diet alone Six months mortality after liver transplantation (ITT) · adult patients before and after liver transplantation. Nutritional interventions for liver‐transplanted patients (2012) · Cochrane | OR 0.37 [0.06, 1.77] | 1 study · 82 participants | Very low |
Nutritional supplement (500ml) and standard diet vs standard diet alone Mild acute rejection episodes (within 6 months after LTx) · adult patients before and after liver transplantation. Nutritional interventions for liver‐transplanted patients (2012) · Cochrane | OR 0.56 [0.19, 1.61] | 1 study · 71 participants | Very low |
Nutritional supplement (500ml) and standard diet vs standard diet alone Severe acute rejection episodes (within six months after LTx) · adult patients before and after liver transplantation. Nutritional interventions for liver‐transplanted patients (2012) · Cochrane | OR 0.63 [0.22, 1.79] | 1 study · 71 participants | Very low |
Enteral immunonutrion with Supportan vs enteral nutrition (EN) with Fresubin Immunological rejection episodes · adult patients after liver transplantation. Nutritional interventions for liver‐transplanted patients (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 84 participants | Very low |
Hepatic product (HepaticAid) vs diet only (without supplement) Infections [event per patient] · adult patients with malnutrition and encephalopathy before and after liver transplantation. Nutritional interventions for liver‐transplanted patients (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 22 participants | Very low |
Postoperative feeding via nasojejunal tube vs no postoperative parental nutrition (conventional intravenous electrolyte solution) Days in hospital post liver transplantation · adult patients after liver transplantation. Nutritional interventions for liver‐transplanted patients (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 31 participants | Very low |
Postoperative feeding via nasojejunal tube vs no postoperative parental nutrition (conventional intravenous electrolyte solution) Re‐hospitalisation [events per patient] · adult patients after liver transplantation. Nutritional interventions for liver‐transplanted patients (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 31 participants | Very low |
Postoperative feeding via nasojejunal tube vs no postoperative parental nutrition (conventional intravenous electrolyte solution) Infections (overall) · adult patients after liver transplantation. Nutritional interventions for liver‐transplanted patients (2012) · Cochrane | OR 0.32 [0.04, 1.86] | 1 study · 31 participants | Very low |
Postoperative feeding via nasojejunal tube vs no postoperative parental nutrition (conventional intravenous electrolyte solution) Infections (bacterial) · adult patients after liver transplantation. Nutritional interventions for liver‐transplanted patients (2012) · Cochrane | OR 0.41 [0.03, 3.15] | 1 study · 31 participants | Very low |
Postoperative feeding via nasojejunal tube vs no postoperative parental nutrition (conventional intravenous electrolyte solution) Infections (viral) · adult patients after liver transplantation. Nutritional interventions for liver‐transplanted patients (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 31 participants | Very low |
Postoperative feeding via nasojejunal tube vs no postoperative parental nutrition (conventional intravenous electrolyte solution) Intensive care unit length of stay after liver transplantation [hours] · adult patients after liver transplantation. Nutritional interventions for liver‐transplanted patients (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 31 participants | Very low |
Postoperative feeding via nasojejunal tube vs no postoperative parental nutrition (conventional intravenous electrolyte solution) Time on ventilator [hours until initial extubation] · adult patients after liver transplantation. Nutritional interventions for liver‐transplanted patients (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 31 participants | Very low |
Postoperative enteral nutrition (Osmolite) via nasojejunal tube vs postoperative parenteral nutrition (PN) Length of hospital stay after liver transplantation [days] · adult patients after liver transplantation. Nutritional interventions for liver‐transplanted patients (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 24 participants | Very low |
Postoperative enteral nutrition (Osmolite) via nasojejunal tube vs postoperative parenteral nutrition (PN) Days on ventilator · adult patients after liver transplantation. Nutritional interventions for liver‐transplanted patients (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 24 participants | Very low |
Postoperative enteral nutrition (Osmolite) via nasojejunal tube vs postoperative parenteral nutrition (PN) Mortality · adult patients after liver transplantation. Nutritional interventions for liver‐transplanted patients (2012) · Cochrane | OR 0.7 [0.01, 60.29] | 1 study · 24 participants | Very low |
Hepatic product (HepaticAid) vs diet only (without supplement) Acute rejection [event per patient] · adult patients with malnutrition and encephalopathy before and after liver transplantation. Nutritional interventions for liver‐transplanted patients (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 22 participants | Very low |
Postoperative enteral nutrition (Osmolite) via nasojejunal tube vs postoperative parenteral nutrition (PN) Side effects (vomiting, diarrhoea) · adult patients after liver transplantation. Nutritional interventions for liver‐transplanted patients (2012) · Cochrane | OR 0.68 [0.04, 11.17] | 1 study · 24 participants | Very low |
Postoperative enteral nutrition (Osmolite) via nasojejunal tube vs postoperative parenteral nutrition (PN) Infection (overall) · adult patients after liver transplantation. Nutritional interventions for liver‐transplanted patients (2012) · Cochrane | OR 1.07 [0.12, 8.75] | 1 study · 24 participants | Very low |
Enteral nutrition via nasojejunal tube plus intravenous glutamine‐dipeptide supplementation vs standard parenteral nutrition Death (during length of initial hospital stay; ITT) · adult patients after liver transplantation. Nutritional interventions for liver‐transplanted patients (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 30 participants | Very low |
Enteral nutrition via nasojejunal tube plus intravenous glutamine‐dipeptide supplementation vs standard parenteral nutrition Infection (ITT) ‐ mycotic infection · adult patients after liver transplantation. Nutritional interventions for liver‐transplanted patients (2012) · Cochrane | OR 0.19 [0.02, 1.31] | 1 study · 30 participants | Very low |
Enteral nutrition via nasojejunal tube plus intravenous glutamine‐dipeptide supplementation vs standard parenteral nutrition Infection (ITT) ‐ infection (overall) · adult patients after liver transplantation. Nutritional interventions for liver‐transplanted patients (2012) · Cochrane | OR 0.35 [0.06, 1.84] | 1 study · 30 participants | Very low |
Enteral nutrition via nasojejunal tube plus intravenous glutamine‐dipeptide supplementation vs standard parenteral nutrition Acute rejection (ITT) · adult patients after liver transplantation. Nutritional interventions for liver‐transplanted patients (2012) · Cochrane | OR 0.21 [0.004, 2.49] | 1 study · 30 participants | Very low |
Enteral nutrition via nasojejunal tube plus intravenous glutamine‐dipeptide supplementation vs standard parenteral nutrition Length of hospital stay after liver transplantation [days] (ITT) · adult patients after liver transplantation. Nutritional interventions for liver‐transplanted patients (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 30 participants | Very low |
Enteral nutrition via nasojejunal tube plus intravenous glutamine‐dipeptide supplementation vs standard parenteral nutrition Intensive care unit length of stay after liver transplantation [days] (ITT) · adult patients after liver transplantation. Nutritional interventions for liver‐transplanted patients (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 30 participants | Very low |
Enteral nutrition via nasojejunal tube plus intravenous glutamine‐dipeptide supplementation vs standard parenteral nutrition Days on ventilator (ITT) · adult patients after liver transplantation. Nutritional interventions for liver‐transplanted patients (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 30 participants | Very low |
Parenteral nutrition with protein, fat, carbohydrates and branched‐chain amino acids vs 5% dextrose and normal saline 1‐year‐survival · adult patients after liver transplantation. Nutritional interventions for liver‐transplanted patients (2012) · Cochrane | OR 0.61 [0.05, 5.94] | 1 study · 43 participants | Very low |
Hepatic product (HepaticAid) vs diet only (without supplement) New onset of diabetes · adult patients with malnutrition and encephalopathy before and after liver transplantation. Nutritional interventions for liver‐transplanted patients (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 22 participants | Very low |
Parenteral nutrition with protein, fat, carbohydrates and branched‐chain amino acids vs 5% dextrose and normal saline 3‐year‐survival · adult patients after liver transplantation. Nutritional interventions for liver‐transplanted patients (2012) · Cochrane | OR 0.93 [0.23, 3.81] | 1 study · 43 participants | Very low |
Parenteral nutrition with alanyl‐glutamine, protein, fat, carbohydrates and branched‐chain amino acids vs 5% dextrose and normal saline 1‐year‐survival · adult patients after liver transplantation. Nutritional interventions for liver‐transplanted patients (2012) · Cochrane | OR 0.29 [5e-04, 4.03] | 1 study · 43 participants | Very low |
Parenteral nutrition with alanyl‐glutamine, protein, fat, carbohydrates and branched‐chain amino acids vs 5% dextrose and normal saline 3‐year‐survival · adult patients after liver transplantation. Nutritional interventions for liver‐transplanted patients (2012) · Cochrane | OR 0.76 [0.18, 3.18] | 1 study · 43 participants | Very low |
Parenteral nutrition plus branched‐chain‐amino‐acid‐enriched formula vs standard isotonic intravenous glucose solution Length of hospital stay after liver transplantation [days] · adult patients after liver transplantation. Nutritional interventions for liver‐transplanted patients (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 20 participants | Low |
Parenteral nutrition plus branched‐chain‐amino‐acid‐enriched formula vs standard isotonic intravenous glucose solution Length of stay in intensive care unit after liver transplantation [days] · adult patients after liver transplantation. Nutritional interventions for liver‐transplanted patients (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 20 participants | Low |
Parenteral nutrition plus branched‐chain‐amino‐acid‐enriched formula vs standard isotonic intravenous glucose solution Days on ventilator · adult patients after liver transplantation. Nutritional interventions for liver‐transplanted patients (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 20 participants | Low |