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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,395 questions in 172 reviews · Gut
current versionsNo studies 420 · 17.5%Ungraded 60 · 2.5%Very low 821 · 34.3%Low 602 · 25.1%Moderate 397 · 16.6%High 95 · 4%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Antacids vs sucralfate Nosocomial pneumonia · people admitted to intensive care units Interventions for preventing upper gastrointestinal bleeding in people admitted to intensive care units (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.04 [0.84, 1.3] | 7 studies · 996 participants | Low |
Antacids vs sucralfate All‐cause mortality in ICU · people admitted to intensive care units Interventions for preventing upper gastrointestinal bleeding in people admitted to intensive care units (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.15 [0.93, 1.4] | 11 studies · 1249 participants | Low |
Antacids vs sucralfate Duration of ICU stay · people admitted to intensive care units Interventions for preventing upper gastrointestinal bleeding in people admitted to intensive care units (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 227 participants | Low |
Antacids vs sucralfate Number of participants requiring blood transfusion · people admitted to intensive care units Interventions for preventing upper gastrointestinal bleeding in people admitted to intensive care units (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.73 [0.4, 1.34] | 6 studies · 667 participants | Low |
Antacids vs sucralfate Serious adverse events · people admitted to intensive care units Interventions for preventing upper gastrointestinal bleeding in people admitted to intensive care units (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Interventions vs placebo or no prophylaxis Serious adverse events · people admitted to intensive care units Interventions for preventing upper gastrointestinal bleeding in people admitted to intensive care units (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
H2 receptor antagonists vs placebo or no prophylaxis Clinically important upper GI bleeding · people admitted to intensive care units Interventions for preventing upper gastrointestinal bleeding in people admitted to intensive care units (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.5 [0.36, 0.7] | 24 studies · 2149 participants | Moderate |
H2 receptor antagonists vs placebo or no prophylaxis Nosocomial pneumonia · people admitted to intensive care units Interventions for preventing upper gastrointestinal bleeding in people admitted to intensive care units (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.12 [0.85, 1.48] | 8 studies · 945 participants | Low |
H2 receptor antagonists vs placebo or no prophylaxis All‐cause mortality in ICU · people admitted to intensive care units Interventions for preventing upper gastrointestinal bleeding in people admitted to intensive care units (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.12 [0.88, 1.42] | 14 studies · 1428 participants | Low |
Prokinetic vs placebo Not symptom‐free or no symptom improvement · functional dyspepsia Prokinetics for functional dyspepsia (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.81 [0.74, 0.89] | 29 studies · 10044 participants | Very low |
Prokinetic vs placebo Post‐treatment symptoms scores · functional dyspepsia Prokinetics for functional dyspepsia (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 2914 participants | Low |
Prokinetic vs placebo Mean difference symptoms scores · functional dyspepsia Prokinetics for functional dyspepsia (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 11 studies · 1822 participants | Very low |
Prokinetic vs placebo Change of QoL scores · functional dyspepsia Prokinetics for functional dyspepsia (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 1774 participants | Very low |
Prokinetic vs placebo Adverse events · functional dyspepsia Prokinetics for functional dyspepsia (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.09 [0.95, 1.25] | 17 studies · 3811 participants | Very low |
Other prokinetics vs domperidone 10mg three times a day Not symptom‐free or no symptoms improvement (itopride 50 three times per day, cinitapride 1 mg three times per day, mosapride 5 mg three times per day versus domperidone 10 mg three times per day) · functional dyspepsia Prokinetics for functional dyspepsia (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.94 [0.83, 1.07] | 7 studies · 1527 participants | Very low |
Other prokinetics vs domperidone 10mg three times a day Post‐treatment scores · functional dyspepsia Prokinetics for functional dyspepsia (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 617 participants | Very low |
Other prokinetics vs domperidone 10mg three times a day Mean difference symptoms scores · functional dyspepsia Prokinetics for functional dyspepsia (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 839 participants | Very low |
Other prokinetics vs domperidone 10mg three times a day Adverse events · functional dyspepsia Prokinetics for functional dyspepsia (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.69 [0.5, 0.97] | 7 studies · 1557 participants | Very low |
Low dose naltrexone vs placebo Induction of clinical remission CDAI < 150 · Patients with active Crohn's disease Low dose naltrexone for induction of remission in Crohn's disease (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.48 [0.42, 5.24] | 1 study · 34 participants | Low |
Low dose naltrexone vs placebo Induction of 70‐point clinical response CDAI · Patients with active Crohn's disease Low dose naltrexone for induction of remission in Crohn's disease (2018) · Cochrane | RR 2.22 [1.14, 4.32] | 1 study · 34 participants | Low |
Low dose naltrexone vs placebo Induction of 5‐point endoscopic response CDEIS · Patients with active Crohn's disease Low dose naltrexone for induction of remission in Crohn's disease (2018) · Cochrane | RR 2.89 [1.18, 7.08] | 1 study · 34 participants | Low |
Low dose naltrexone vs placebo Sleep disturbance (adverse event) · Patients with active Crohn's disease Low dose naltrexone for induction of remission in Crohn's disease (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.92 [0.38, 2.2] | 2 studies · 46 participants | Low |
Low dose naltrexone vs placebo Withdrawals due to adverse outcomes · Patients with active Crohn's disease Low dose naltrexone for induction of remission in Crohn's disease (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.57 [0.23, 10.71] | 2 studies · 46 participants | Low |
Anti‐cancer therapy vs best supportive care Overall survival · advanced pancreatic cancer Chemotherapy and radiotherapy for advanced pancreatic cancer (2018) · Cochrane | HR 1.08 [0.88, 1.33] | 4 studies · 298 participants | Moderate |
Gemcitabine combinations vs gemcitabine alone Overall survival ‐ Gemcitabine plus topoisomerase inhibitor · advanced pancreatic cancer Chemotherapy and radiotherapy for advanced pancreatic cancer (2018) · Cochrane | HR 1.01 [0.87, 1.16] | 3 studies · 839 participants | High |
Gemcitabine combinations vs gemcitabine alone Overall survival ‐ Gemcitabine plus taxane · advanced pancreatic cancer Chemotherapy and radiotherapy for advanced pancreatic cancer (2018) · Cochrane | HR 0.72 [0.62, 0.84] | 1 study · 861 participants | High |
Gemcitabine combinations vs gemcitabine alone Overall survival ‐ Gemcitabine plus other combinations of chemotherapy · advanced pancreatic cancer Chemotherapy and radiotherapy for advanced pancreatic cancer (2018) · Cochrane | HR 0.55 [0.39, 0.79] | 2 studies · 166 participants | Low |
Gemcitabine combinations vs gemcitabine alone Overall survival ‐ Gemcitabine plus other agent(s) · advanced pancreatic cancer Chemotherapy and radiotherapy for advanced pancreatic cancer (2018) · Cochrane | HR 0.79 [0.56, 1.1] | 4 studies · 767 participants | Low |
Fluoropyrimidine combinations vs fluoropyrimidine alone Overall survival · advanced pancreatic cancer Chemotherapy and radiotherapy for advanced pancreatic cancer (2018) · Cochrane | HR 0.84 [0.61, 1.15] | 4 studies · 491 participants | Low |
Various types of chemotherapy vs gemcitabine Overall survival ‐ 5FU · advanced pancreatic cancer Chemotherapy and radiotherapy for advanced pancreatic cancer (2018) · Cochrane | HR 1.69 [1.26, 2.27] | 1 study · 126 participants | Moderate |
Various types of chemotherapy vs gemcitabine Overall survival ‐ FOLFIRINOX · advanced pancreatic cancer Chemotherapy and radiotherapy for advanced pancreatic cancer (2018) · Cochrane | HR 0.51 [0.43, 0.6] | 2 studies · 652 participants | Moderate |
Various types of chemotherapy vs gemcitabine Overall survival ‐ Fixed dose rate gemcitabine · advanced pancreatic cancer Chemotherapy and radiotherapy for advanced pancreatic cancer (2018) · Cochrane | HR 0.79 [0.66, 0.94] | 2 studies · 644 participants | High |
Various types of chemotherapy vs gemcitabine Overall survival ‐ CO‐101 · advanced pancreatic cancer Chemotherapy and radiotherapy for advanced pancreatic cancer (2018) · Cochrane | HR 1.07 [0.86, 1.34] | 1 study · 367 participants | Moderate |
Various types of chemotherapy vs gemcitabine Overall survival ‐ ZD9331 · advanced pancreatic cancer Chemotherapy and radiotherapy for advanced pancreatic cancer (2018) · Cochrane | HR 0.86 [0.42, 1.76] | 1 study · 55 participants | Moderate |
Various types of chemotherapy vs gemcitabine Overall survival ‐ Exatecan · advanced pancreatic cancer Chemotherapy and radiotherapy for advanced pancreatic cancer (2018) · Cochrane | HR 1.27 [0.96, 1.68] | 1 study · 339 participants | Moderate |
Gemcitabine combinations vs gemcitabine alone Overall survival ‐ Gemcitabine plus platinum agent · advanced pancreatic cancer Chemotherapy and radiotherapy for advanced pancreatic cancer (2018) · Cochrane | HR 0.94 [0.81, 1.08] | 6 studies · 1140 participants | Low |
Gemcitabine combinations vs gemcitabine alone Overall survival ‐ Gemcitabine plus fluoropyrimidine · advanced pancreatic cancer Chemotherapy and radiotherapy for advanced pancreatic cancer (2018) · Cochrane | HR 0.89 [0.81, 0.97] | 10 studies · 2718 participants | High |
Intervention NR Limitations Non‐invasive diagnostic tests for Helicobacter pylori infection (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Index test Non‐invasive diagnostic tests for Helicobacter pylori infection (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Urea breath test‐13C Non‐invasive diagnostic tests for Helicobacter pylori infection (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 34 studies · 3139 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Urea breath test‐14C Non‐invasive diagnostic tests for Helicobacter pylori infection (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 21 studies · 1810 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Serology Non‐invasive diagnostic tests for Helicobacter pylori infection (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 34 studies · 4242 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Stool antigen test Non‐invasive diagnostic tests for Helicobacter pylori infection (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 29 studies · 2988 participants | Ungraded |
Duodenal stenting vs surgical palliation Re‐establishment of oral intake (technical success of the intervention) · people with malignant gastric outlet obstruction Stent placement versus surgical palliation for adults with malignant gastric outlet obstruction (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.98 [0.88, 1.09] | 3 studies · 82 participants | Low |
Duodenal stenting vs surgical palliation Time to re‐establishment of oral intake · people with malignant gastric outlet obstruction Stent placement versus surgical palliation for adults with malignant gastric outlet obstruction (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 57 participants | Low |
Duodenal stenting vs surgical palliation All‐cause mortality · people with malignant gastric outlet obstruction Stent placement versus surgical palliation for adults with malignant gastric outlet obstruction (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.72 [0.14, 3.64] | 1 study · 27 participants | Very low |
Duodenal stenting vs surgical palliation Median survival postintervention · people with malignant gastric outlet obstruction Stent placement versus surgical palliation for adults with malignant gastric outlet obstruction (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 39 participants | Very low |
Duodenal stenting vs surgical palliation Time to recurrence of obstructive symptoms · people with malignant gastric outlet obstruction Stent placement versus surgical palliation for adults with malignant gastric outlet obstruction (2018) · Cochrane | RR 5.08 [0.96, 26.74] | 2 studies · 57 participants | Moderate |
Duodenal stenting vs surgical palliation Adverse events · people with malignant gastric outlet obstruction Stent placement versus surgical palliation for adults with malignant gastric outlet obstruction (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.15 [0.33, 3.98] | 3 studies · 84 participants | Very low |
Duodenal stenting vs surgical palliation Length of hospital stay · people with malignant gastric outlet obstruction Stent placement versus surgical palliation for adults with malignant gastric outlet obstruction (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 84 participants | Moderate |