What do systematic reviews say?

Scalpel vs electrosurgery

• Scalpel versus electrosurgery for major abdominal incisions 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 84 participants
  GRADE not reported

Intermittent ausculation of fetal heart rate in labour for fetal well‐being ‐ Intermittent electronic fetal monitoring (CTG) vs routine Pinard (outcomes

• Intermittent auscultation (IA) of fetal heart rate in labour for fetal well‐being 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Intermittent ausculation of fetal heart rate in labour for fetal well‐being ‐ Doppler vs routine Pinard (outcomes

• Intermittent auscultation (IA) of fetal heart rate in labour for fetal well‐being 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Intermittent ausculation of fetal heart rate in labour for fetal well‐being ‐ Intensive Pinard vs routine Pinard (outcomes

• Intermittent auscultation (IA) of fetal heart rate in labour for fetal well‐being 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

LOD vs other surgical interventions

It is very uncertain whether LOD changes harms: Adhesions at 6 months ‐ LOD vs THL N of participants: 246 (1… compared with other surgical interventions (very low certainty).

• Ovarian surgery for symptom relief in women with polycystic ovary syndrome 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.1 [0.05, 0.18]
  Studies not reported
  Very low

LOD vs LOD variable energy

It is very uncertain whether LOD changes harms: Adhesions at 6 months № of participants: 64 (1 study) compared with LOD variable energy (very low certainty).

• Ovarian surgery for symptom relief in women with polycystic ovary syndrome 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.96 [0.32, 2.88]
  Studies not reported
  Very low

(ITS) Safe blood collection systems vs regular systems

It is very uncertain whether (RCT) Safe blood collection systems changes blood splashes compared with regular systems (very low certainty).

• Devices for preventing percutaneous exposure injuries caused by needles in healthcare personnel 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.14 [0.02, 1.15]
  1 study · 550 participants
  Very low

Acetazolamide vs placebo

Acetazolamide may leads to higher adverse events: Paresthesias‐ Follow‐ up: From arrival to 24 hours… compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Interventions for preventing high altitude illness: Part 1. Commonly‐used classes of drugs 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 5.53 [2.81, 10.88]
  5 studies · 789 participants
  Low

Gestrinone vs danazol

It is very uncertain whether gestrinone changes side effects: hot flushes compared with danazol (very low certainty).

• Progesterone receptor modulators for endometriosis 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.79 [0.5, 1.26]
  2 studies · 302 participants
  Very low

Gestrinone vs leuprolin

Gestrinone may leads to lower side effects: hot flushes compared with leuprolin (low certainty).

• Progesterone receptor modulators for endometriosis 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.2 [0.06, 0.63]
  1 study · 55 participants
  Low

Mifepristone (all doses) vs placebo

Mifepristone leads to higher side effects: hot flushes compared with placebo (high certainty).

• Progesterone receptor modulators for endometriosis 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 28.79 [3.93, 210.73]
  1 study · 360 participants
  High

Larger atraumatic needles vs atraumatic needles

Larger atraumatic needles probably leads to lower adverse events: paraesthesia compared with smaller atraumatic needles (moderate certainty).

• Needle gauge and tip designs for preventing post‐dural puncture headache (PDPH) 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 439 participants
  Moderate

Traumatic needles vs atraumatic needles

Traumatic needles showed no clear difference in adverse events: paraesthesia compared with atraumatic needles (moderate certainty).

• Needle gauge and tip designs for preventing post‐dural puncture headache (PDPH) 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.96 [0.47, 1.96]
  3 studies · 573 participants
  Moderate

Larger traumatic needles vs smaller traumatic needles

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Needle gauge and tip designs for preventing post‐dural puncture headache (PDPH) 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

One‐incision vs two‐incision techniques

• One‐incision versus two‐incision techniques for arthroscopically assisted anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 59 participants
  Very low

Home support vs telephone triage

Home support showed no clear difference in use of epidural or any regional anaesthesia compared with telephone triage (low certainty).

• Assessment and support during early labour for improving birth outcomes 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.95 [0.87, 1.05]
  3 studies · 5168 participants
  Low

One‐to‐one structured care vs usual care

One‐to‐one structured care showed no clear difference in use of epidural or any regional anaesthesia compared with usual care (high certainty).

• Assessment and support during early labour for improving birth outcomes 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1 [0.99, 1.01]
  1 study · 4996 participants
  High

Assessment vs direct admission

Assessment may leads to lower use of epidural or any regional anaesthesia compared with direct admission (low certainty).

• Assessment and support during early labour for improving birth outcomes 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.87 [0.78, 0.98]
  1 study · 209 participants
  Low

Multinutrient supplements (oral) vs control

Multinutrient supplements (oral) may leads to lower participants with complications (e.g. pressure sore, chest… compared with control (low certainty).

• Nutritional supplementation for hip fracture aftercare in older people 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.71 [0.59, 0.86]
  11 studies · 727 participants
  Low

Double vs single‐injection technique

Double leads to lower primary anaesthesia failure (incomplete sensory block) compared with single‐injection technique (high certainty).

• Single, double or multiple‐injection techniques for non‐ultrasound guided axillary brachial plexus block in adults… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.55 [0.34, 0.89]
  9 studies · 527 participants
  High