Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

2,434 questions · 2,594 findings · 269 reviews

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No studies found 543 · 20.9%GRADE not reported 191 · 7.4%Very low 676 · 26.1%Low 732 · 28.2%Moderate 399 · 15.4%High 53 · 2%

Telephone support vs usual care

Quality of Life End of intervention · Informal caregivers of adults with diagnosed illnesses

1 finding from 1 review

Telephone interventions, delivered by healthcare professionals, for providing education and psychosocial support for… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 364 participants
Moderate

Telephone support vs usual care

Burden End of intervention · Informal caregivers of adults with diagnosed illnesses

1 finding from 1 review

Telephone interventions, delivered by healthcare professionals, for providing education and psychosocial support for… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
9 studies · 788 participants
Low

Telephone support vs usual care

Psychological health: Depression End of intervention · Informal caregivers of adults with diagnosed illnesses

1 finding from 1 review

Telephone interventions, delivered by healthcare professionals, for providing education and psychosocial support for… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
9 studies · 792 participants
Very low

Telephone support vs usual care

Satisfaction with the intervention End of intervention · Informal caregivers of adults with diagnosed illnesses

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Telephone interventions, delivered by healthcare professionals, for providing education and psychosocial support for… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Telephone support vs usual care

Adverse events including suicide and suicide ideation · Informal caregivers of adults with diagnosed illnesses

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Telephone interventions, delivered by healthcare professionals, for providing education and psychosocial support for… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Interventions targeting patients vs usual care or interventions of the same type

Observer‐based SDM measures · patients, including healthcare consumers and simulated patients

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for increasing the use of shared decision making by healthcare professionals 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
424 participants
Very low

Interventions targeting patients vs usual care or interventions of the same type

Shared decision making (PROM, continuous) ( · patients, including healthcare consumers and simulated patients

2 findings from 1 review

Interventions for increasing the use of shared decision making by healthcare professionals 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1906 participants
Very low
Interventions for increasing the use of shared decision making by healthcare professionals 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1386 participants
Very low

Interventions targeting patients vs usual care or interventions of the same type

Shared decision making (PROM, categorical or dichotomous) ( · patients, including healthcare consumers and simulated patients

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for increasing the use of shared decision making by healthcare professionals 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2272 participants
Very low

Interventions targeting patients vs usual care or interventions of the same type

Decision regret · patients, including healthcare consumers and simulated patients

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

2 findings from 1 review

Interventions for increasing the use of shared decision making by healthcare professionals 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Interventions for increasing the use of shared decision making by healthcare professionals 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
212 participants
Very low

Interventions targeting patients vs usual care or interventions of the same type

Health‐related quality of life (physical) · patients, including healthcare consumers and simulated patients

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

2 findings from 1 review

Interventions for increasing the use of shared decision making by healthcare professionals 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Interventions for increasing the use of shared decision making by healthcare professionals 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
116 participants
Very low

Interventions targeting patients vs usual care or interventions of the same type

Health‐related quality of life (mental) · patients, including healthcare consumers and simulated patients

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

2 findings from 1 review

Interventions for increasing the use of shared decision making by healthcare professionals 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Interventions for increasing the use of shared decision making by healthcare professionals 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
116 participants
Very low

Interventions targeting patients vs usual care or interventions of the same type

Costs · patients, including healthcare consumers and simulated patients

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

2 findings from 1 review

Interventions for increasing the use of shared decision making by healthcare professionals 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Interventions for increasing the use of shared decision making by healthcare professionals 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
105 participants
Very low

Interventions targeting patients vs usual care or interventions of the same type

Shared decision making (PROM), dichotomous measures ( · patients, including healthcare consumers and simulated patients

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for increasing the use of shared decision making by healthcare professionals 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
754 participants
Very low

Interventions targeting patients vs usual care or interventions of the same type

Consultation length (minutes) · patients, including healthcare consumers and simulated patients

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for increasing the use of shared decision making by healthcare professionals 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
224 participants
Very low

Interventions targeting patients vs usual care or interventions of the same type

Shared decision making (OBOM, continuous) (post‐visit) · patients, including healthcare consumers and simulated patients

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for increasing the use of shared decision making by healthcare professionals 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
271 participants
Very low

Professional interventions vs usual care

Hospital admissions · adults receiving medication in primary care

Professional interventions showed no clear difference in number of hospital admissions compared with standard/usual care (moderate certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Professional, structural and organisational interventions in primary care for reducing medication errors 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.24 [0.79, 1.96]
3889 participants
Moderate
Professional, structural and organisational interventions in primary care for reducing medication errors 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.99 [0.92, 1.06]
3661 participants
High

Professional interventions vs usual care

ED visits · adults receiving medication in primary care

Professional interventions showed no clear difference in number of emergency department visits compared with standard/usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Professional, structural and organisational interventions in primary care for reducing medication errors 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.71 [0.5, 1.02]
1067 participants
Low

Professional interventions vs usual care

All‐cause mortality · adults receiving medication in primary care

Professional interventions showed no clear difference in mortality compared with standard/usual care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Professional, structural and organisational interventions in primary care for reducing medication errors 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.98 [0.82, 1.17]
3538 participants
Moderate

Organisational interventions vs usual care

Hospital admissions · adults receiving medication in primary care

It is very uncertain whether organisational interventions changes number of hospital admissions compared with standard/usual care (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Professional, structural and organisational interventions in primary care for reducing medication errors 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.85 [0.71, 1.03]
6203 participants
Very low
Professional, structural and organisational interventions in primary care for reducing medication errors 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.92 [0.86, 0.99]
152237 participants
Low

Organisational interventions vs usual care

ED visits · adults receiving medication in primary care

It is very uncertain whether organisational interventions changes number of emergency department visits compared with standard/usual care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Professional, structural and organisational interventions in primary care for reducing medication errors 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.75 [0.49, 1.15]
1819 participants
Very low