Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

558 questions · 586 findings · 46 reviews · Pregnancy and Childbirth

No studies found 151 · 25.8%GRADE not reported 53 · 9%Very low 124 · 21.2%Low 157 · 26.8%Moderate 76 · 13%High 25 · 4.3%

Low‐back pain: any exercises + usual prenatal care vs usual prenatal care

Pain intensity measured by a number of different measurements; lower score = better. · pregnant women with back pain

Low‐back pain: any exercises + usual prenatal care showed no clear difference in pain intensity measured by a number of different measurements; lower… compared with usual prenatal care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Low‐back pain: any exercises + usual prenatal care vs usual prenatal care

Disability (Roland‐Morris Disability Questionnaire) Scale from: 0 to 23; 0 is no disability. · pregnant women with back pain

Low‐back pain: any exercises + usual prenatal care showed no clear difference in disability measured by Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire and… compared with usual prenatal care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pelvic + low‐back pain: any exercises + usual prenatal care vs usual prenatal care

Number of women who reported pain on Visual Analogue Scale · pregnant women with, or at risk of developing, pelvic and back pain

Pelvic + low‐back pain: any exercises + usual prenatal care probably leads to lower number of women who reported pain on Visual Analogue Scale. compared with usual prenatal care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pelvic + low‐back pain: any exercises + usual prenatal care vs usual prenatal care

Number of women who reported LBPP‐related sick leave. · pregnant women with, or at risk of developing, pelvic and back pain

Pelvic + low‐back pain: any exercises + usual prenatal care probably leads to lower number of women who reported LBPP‐related sick leave. compared with usual prenatal care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Nitrofurantoin and close surveillance vs close surveillance alone

Recurrent pyelonephritis · pregnant women with a history of one or more UTI before or during pregnancy

It is very uncertain whether nitrofurantoin and close surveillance changes recurrent pyelonephritis compared with close surveillance alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Nitrofurantoin and close surveillance vs close surveillance alone

Recurrent UTI (cystitis) · pregnant women with a history of one or more UTI before or during pregnancy

It is very uncertain whether nitrofurantoin and close surveillance changes recurrent UTI (cystitis) compared with close surveillance alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Nitrofurantoin and close surveillance vs close surveillance alone

Preterm birth · pregnant women with a history of one or more UTI before or during pregnancy

It is very uncertain whether nitrofurantoin and close surveillance changes preterm birth (< 37 weeks) compared with close surveillance alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Nitrofurantoin and close surveillance vs close surveillance alone

Birthweight < 2500 (g) · pregnant women with a history of one or more UTI before or during pregnancy

It is very uncertain whether nitrofurantoin and close surveillance changes birthweight < 2500 (g) compared with close surveillance alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Nitrofurantoin and close surveillance vs close surveillance alone

Apgar score less than 7 at 5 minutes · pregnant women with a history of one or more UTI before or during pregnancy

It is very uncertain whether nitrofurantoin and close surveillance changes five‐minute Apgar score < seven compared with close surveillance alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Nitrofurantoin and close surveillance vs close surveillance alone

Miscarriage · pregnant women with a history of one or more UTI before or during pregnancy

It is very uncertain whether nitrofurantoin and close surveillance changes miscarriages compared with close surveillance alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review