Overall withdrawals · children hospitalised with an acute asthma exacerbation
Combination of anticholinergics + beta2‐agonists showed no clear difference in overall withdrawals compared with beta2‐agonists alone (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse health events · children hospitalised with an acute asthma exacerbation
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
SGRQ Scores range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating more limitations · 18 to 80 years of age with bronchiectasis
The intervention showed no clear difference in SGRQ Scores range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating more… (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
TDI Total scores range from ‐ 9 to +9. The lower the score, the greater the deterioration in severity of dyspnoea, MCID ≥ 1 · 18 to 80 years of age with bronchiectasis
The intervention may leads to higher TDI Total scores range from ‐ 9 to +9. The lower the score, the… (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Cough‐free days Percentage of days free of cough · 18 to 80 years of age with bronchiectasis
The intervention may leads to higher cough‐free days Percentage of days free of cough (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Hospitalisations, number of participants with 1 or more exacerbations · 18 to 80 years of age with bronchiectasis
The intervention showed no clear difference in hospitalisations, number of participants with 1 or more exacerbations (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Hospital admissions · children with initial treatment of acute asthma
Anticholinergic and short‐acting beta2‐agonists leads to lower primary outcome: hospital admissions hospital admissions compared with beta2‐agonists alone (all protocols) (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Exacerbation rates per participant per year · patients with COPD
The intervention probably leads to lower exacerbation rates per participant per year (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Mortality · patients with COPD
The intervention leads to lower mortality (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Pneumonia · patients with COPD
The intervention showed no clear difference in pneumonia (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Hospitalisations due to COPD exacerbations · patients with COPD
The intervention showed no clear difference in hospitalisations due to COPD exacerbations (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Adverse events－serious Fluticasone/salmeterol (FPS) versus fluticasone (FP) · patients with COPD
The intervention showed no clear difference in adverse events－serious Fluticasone/salmeterol (FPS) versus… (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Adverse events－serious events Budesonide/formoterol (BDF) versus budesonide (BD) · patients with COPD
It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes adverse events－serious events Budesonide/formoterol (BDF) versus… (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Adverse events－serious Mometasone/formoterol (MF/F) versus Mometasone (MF) · patients with COPD
The intervention showed no clear difference in adverse events－serious Mometasone/formoterol (MF/F) versus… (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Hospital admissions due to exacerbations: number of participants · adults with asthma not well controlled on ICS
160/4.5 mcg BDF single inhaler therapy showed no clear difference in patients with exacerbations causing hospitalisation compared with current best practice (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Withdrawals due to adverse events · adults with asthma not well controlled on ICS
Single inhaler therapy leads to lower discontinuation due to adverse events compared with fixed dose ICS (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Rate of exacerbations requiring systemic corticosteroids · adults with asthma not well controlled on ICS
160/4.5 mcg BDF single inhaler therapy probably leads to lower patients with exacerbations treated with oral steroids compared with current best practice (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Fatal serious adverse events · adults with asthma not well controlled on ICS
160/4.5 mcg BDF single inhaler therapy showed no clear difference in fatal serious adverse events compared with current best practice (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Non‐fatal serious adverse events · adults with asthma not well controlled on ICS
160/4.5 mcg BDF single inhaler therapy showed no clear difference in serious adverse events (non‐fatal) compared with current best practice (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Withdrawals due to adverse events · adults with asthma not well controlled on ICS
160/4.5 mcg BDF single inhaler therapy probably leads to higher discontinuation due to adverse events compared with current best practice (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review