Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

3,097 questions · 3,266 findings · 631 reviews

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No studies found 430 · 13.2%GRADE not reported 193 · 5.9%Very low 995 · 30.5%Low 904 · 27.7%Moderate 591 · 18.1%High 153 · 4.7%

High frequency ultrasound vs no ultrasound

Change in ulcer size · people with venous leg ulcers

1 finding from 1 review

Therapeutic ultrasound for venous leg ulcers 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 165 participants
Very low

High frequency ultrasound vs no ultrasound

Non‐serious adverse events · people with venous leg ulcers

High frequency ultrasound probably leads to higher non‐serious adverse events compared with no ultrasound (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Therapeutic ultrasound for venous leg ulcers 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.29 [1.02, 1.64]
1 study · 337 participants
Moderate

High frequency ultrasound vs no ultrasound

Serious adverse events · people with venous leg ulcers

High frequency ultrasound showed no clear difference in serious adverse events compared with no ultrasound (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Therapeutic ultrasound for venous leg ulcers 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.21 [0.78, 1.89]
1 study · 337 participants
Moderate

High frequency ultrasound vs no ultrasound

HRQoL: 12‐week SF‐12 mean Physical/Mental Component Scores scale from 0 to 100 · people with venous leg ulcers

1 finding from 1 review

Therapeutic ultrasound for venous leg ulcers 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 285 participants
Moderate

High frequency ultrasound vs no ultrasound

HRQoL at 6 or 12 months · people with venous leg ulcers

1 finding from 1 review

Therapeutic ultrasound for venous leg ulcers 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 229 participants
Moderate

High‐dose methylphenidate vs placebo

Inattention Measured using SNAP‐IV inattention subscale (range 0 to 27) · Children aged 6 to 18 years with ASD

2 findings from 1 review

Methylphenidate for children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 51 participants
Low
Methylphenidate for children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 71 participants
Low

High‐dose methylphenidate vs placebo

Impulsivity · Children aged 6 to 18 years with ASD

2 findings from 1 review

Methylphenidate for children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 48 participants
GRADE not reported
Methylphenidate for children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 36 participants
GRADE not reported

High‐dose methylphenidate vs placebo

Hyperactivity · Children aged 6 to 18 years with ASD

2 findings from 1 review

Methylphenidate for children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 71 participants
Low
Methylphenidate for children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 73 participants
Low

High‐dose methylphenidate vs placebo

Impaired social interaction · Children aged 6 to 18 years with ASD

2 findings from 1 review

Methylphenidate for children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 71 participants
Very low
Methylphenidate for children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 63 participants
Very low

High‐dose methylphenidate vs placebo

Impaired communication · Children aged 6 to 18 years with ASD

2 findings from 1 review

Methylphenidate for children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 48 participants
GRADE not reported
Methylphenidate for children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 24 participants
GRADE not reported

High‐dose methylphenidate vs placebo

Stereotypical behaviours · Children aged 6 to 18 years with ASD

2 findings from 1 review

Methylphenidate for children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 48 participants
GRADE not reported
Methylphenidate for children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 69 participants
Low

High‐dose methylphenidate vs placebo

Overall ASD · Children aged 6 to 18 years with ASD

2 findings from 1 review

Methylphenidate for children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 48 participants
GRADE not reported
Methylphenidate for children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 36 participants
Low

High‐dose methylphenidate vs placebo

Total number of adverse events · Children aged 6 to 18 years with ASD

2 findings from 1 review

Methylphenidate for children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 108 participants
GRADE not reported
Methylphenidate for children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 79 participants
GRADE not reported

Combined OST and high NSP vs no OST and low/no NSP

HCV incidence adjusted analyses number of HCV seroconversion · people who inject drugs

Combined OST and high NSP may leads to lower HCV incidence adjusted analyses number of HCV seroconversions compared with no OST and low/no NSP (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Needle syringe programmes and opioid substitution therapy for preventing hepatitis C transmission in people who inject… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.26 [0.07, 0.89]
3 studies · 3241 participants
Low

High dose of manipulation vs low dose of manipulation

Pain · patients with chronic neck pain with cervicogenic headache (CGH)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Manipulation and mobilisation for neck pain contrasted against an inactive control or another active treatment 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

High dose of manipulation vs low dose of manipulation

Chronic neck pain and CGH Intermediate‐term · patients with chronic neck pain with cervicogenic headache (CGH)

High dose of manipulation showed no clear difference in chronic neck pain and CGH Intermediate‐term compared with low dose of manipulation (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Manipulation and mobilisation for neck pain contrasted against an inactive control or another active treatment 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 50 participants
Moderate

High dose of manipulation vs low dose of manipulation

Function · patients with chronic neck pain with cervicogenic headache (CGH)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Manipulation and mobilisation for neck pain contrasted against an inactive control or another active treatment 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

High dose of manipulation vs low dose of manipulation

aImprecision: ‐1. · patients with chronic neck pain with cervicogenic headache (CGH)

1 finding from 1 review

Manipulation and mobilisation for neck pain contrasted against an inactive control or another active treatment 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 participants
GRADE not reported

High‐dose corticosteroids vs moderate‐dose or no corticosteroids

Ambulation · adults with metastatic extradural spinal cord compression (without peptic ulceration or infection; mixed prognosis)

High‐dose corticosteroids showed no clear difference in ambulation compared with moderate‐dose or no corticosteroids (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for the treatment of metastatic extradural spinal cord compression in adults 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.08 [0.81, 1.45]
3 studies · 105 participants
Low

High‐dose corticosteroids vs moderate‐dose or no corticosteroids

Survival (long term) Over two years · adults with metastatic extradural spinal cord compression (without peptic ulceration or infection; mixed prognosis)

High‐dose corticosteroids showed no clear difference in survival (long term) Over two years compared with moderate‐dose or no corticosteroids (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for the treatment of metastatic extradural spinal cord compression in adults 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.11 [0.24, 5.05]
1 study · 57 participants
Low