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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,589 questions in 168 reviews · Schizophrenia
current versionsNo studies 601 · 23.2%Ungraded 446 · 17.2%Very low 721 · 27.8%Low 505 · 19.5%Moderate 274 · 10.6%High 42 · 1.6%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
WENDAN DECOCTION vs ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUG Adverse effects: Movement disorders ‐ Extra Pyramidal Symptoms (TESS, short term)** · patients with schizophrenia Wendan decoction (Traditional Chinese medicine) for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.02 [0, 0.15] | 2 studies · 140 participants | Moderate |
WENDAN DECOCTION vs ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUG Adverse effects: Metabolic ‐ weight change (medium term) · patients with schizophrenia Wendan decoction (Traditional Chinese medicine) for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
WENDAN DECOCTION vs ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUG Quality of life/satisfaction with care: Clinically important in quality of life/satisfaction, as defined by each study (medium term) · patients with schizophrenia Wendan decoction (Traditional Chinese medicine) for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
WENDAN DECOCTION vs ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUG Economic outcomes: Costs due to treatment, as defined by each study (long term) · patients with schizophrenia Wendan decoction (Traditional Chinese medicine) for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
WENDAN DECOCTION vs ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUG Use of Western medicine: Reduced dose of Western medicine (short term) · patients with schizophrenia Wendan decoction (Traditional Chinese medicine) for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
WENDAN DECOCTION PLUS NORMAL DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTIC vs NORMAL DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTIC Global state: Clinically important change ‐ no improvement ‐ defined as PANSS < 50% reduction (short term) · patients with schizophrenia Wendan decoction (Traditional Chinese medicine) for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.6 [0.5, 0.72] | 6 studies · 684 participants | Moderate |
WENDAN DECOCTION PLUS NORMAL DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTIC vs NORMAL DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTIC Mental state: Average total endpoint PANSS score (short term)* · patients with schizophrenia Wendan decoction (Traditional Chinese medicine) for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 580 participants | Low |
WENDAN DECOCTION PLUS NORMAL DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTIC vs NORMAL DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTIC Adverse effects: Movement disorders ‐ Extra Pyramidal Symptoms (TESS, short term)** · patients with schizophrenia Wendan decoction (Traditional Chinese medicine) for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.46 [0.3, 0.7] | 2 studies · 308 participants | Moderate |
WENDAN DECOCTION PLUS NORMAL DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTIC vs NORMAL DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTIC Adverse effects: Metabolic ‐ weight change (medium term) · patients with schizophrenia Wendan decoction (Traditional Chinese medicine) for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.5 [0.2, 1.24] | 1 study · 108 participants | Low |
WENDAN DECOCTION PLUS NORMAL DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTIC vs NORMAL DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTIC Quality of life/satisfaction with care: Clinically important change in quality of life/satisfaction, as defined by each study (medium term) · patients with schizophrenia Wendan decoction (Traditional Chinese medicine) for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
WENDAN DECOCTION vs PLACEBO OR NO TREATMENT Mental state: Clinically important change, as defined by each study (short term) · patients with schizophrenia Wendan decoction (Traditional Chinese medicine) for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
WENDAN DECOCTION PLUS NORMAL DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTIC vs NORMAL DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTIC Economic outcomes: costs due to treatment, as defined by each study (long term) · patients with schizophrenia Wendan decoction (Traditional Chinese medicine) for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
WENDAN DECOCTION PLUS NORMAL DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTIC vs NORMAL DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTIC Use of Western medicine: Reduced dose of Western medicine (short‐term) · patients with schizophrenia Wendan decoction (Traditional Chinese medicine) for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 107 participants | Low |
WENDAN DECOCTION PLUS LOW DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTIC vs NORMAL DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTIC Global state: Clinically important change ‐ no improvement ‐ defined as PANSS < 50% reduction (short term) · patients with schizophrenia Wendan decoction (Traditional Chinese medicine) for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.69 [0.51, 0.93] | 7 studies · 522 participants | Moderate |
WENDAN DECOCTION PLUS LOW DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTIC vs NORMAL DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTIC Mental state: Average total endpoint PANSS score (short term)* · patients with schizophrenia Wendan decoction (Traditional Chinese medicine) for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 250 participants | Low |
WENDAN DECOCTION PLUS LOW DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTIC vs NORMAL DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTIC Adverse effects: Movement disorders ‐ Extra Pyramidal Symptoms (TESS, short term)** · patients with schizophrenia Wendan decoction (Traditional Chinese medicine) for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.29 [0.16, 0.51] | 3 studies · 280 participants | Moderate |
WENDAN DECOCTION PLUS LOW DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTIC vs NORMAL DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTIC Adverse effects: Metabolic ‐ weight change (medium term) · patients with schizophrenia Wendan decoction (Traditional Chinese medicine) for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
WENDAN DECOCTION PLUS LOW DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTIC vs NORMAL DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTIC Quality of life/satisfaction with care: Clinically important change in quality of life/satisfaction, as defined by each study (medium term) · patients with schizophrenia Wendan decoction (Traditional Chinese medicine) for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
WENDAN DECOCTION PLUS LOW DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTIC vs NORMAL DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTIC Economic outcomes: Costs due to treatment, as defined by each study (long term) · patients with schizophrenia Wendan decoction (Traditional Chinese medicine) for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
WENDAN DECOCTION PLUS LOW DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTIC vs NORMAL DOSE ANTIPSYCHOTIC Use of Western medicine: Reduced dose of Western medicine (short term) · patients with schizophrenia Wendan decoction (Traditional Chinese medicine) for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
WENDAN DECOCTION vs PLACEBO OR NO TREATMENT Adverse effects: Clinically important decline, as defined by each study (short term) · patients with schizophrenia Wendan decoction (Traditional Chinese medicine) for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
WENDAN DECOCTION vs PLACEBO OR NO TREATMENT Adverse effects: Metabolic ‐ weight change (medium term) · patients with schizophrenia Wendan decoction (Traditional Chinese medicine) for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
WENDAN DECOCTION vs PLACEBO OR NO TREATMENT Quality of life/satisfaction with care: Clinically important change in quality of life/satisfaction, as defined by each study (medium term) · patients with schizophrenia Wendan decoction (Traditional Chinese medicine) for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
WENDAN DECOCTION vs PLACEBO OR NO TREATMENT Economic outcomes: Costs due to treatment, as defined by each study (long term) · patients with schizophrenia Wendan decoction (Traditional Chinese medicine) for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
WENDAN DECOCTION vs PLACEBO OR NO TREATMENT Use of Western medicine: Reduced dose of Western medicine (short term) · patients with schizophrenia Wendan decoction (Traditional Chinese medicine) for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
WENDAN DECOCTION vs ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUG Global state: Clinically important change ‐ no improvement ‐ defined as PANSS < 50% reduction (short term) · patients with schizophrenia Wendan decoction (Traditional Chinese medicine) for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.18 [0.98, 1.43] | 2 studies · 140 participants | Moderate |
WENDAN DECOCTION vs ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUG Mental state: Average total endpoint PANSS score (short term)* · patients with schizophrenia Wendan decoction (Traditional Chinese medicine) for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 140 participants | Low |
Oral health education (advice and training) vs Standard care (oral health advice not specifically emphasised beyond usual care) Service use: Emergency medical/dental treatment · People with serious mental illness (all included participants had schizophrenia); majority aged 18 to 65 years per… Oral health education (advice and training) for people with serious mental illness (2016) · Cochrane | No study reported useable data | 0 studies | No studies |
Monitoring (any means of observation, supervision, keeping under review, measuring or testing at intervals) vs No monitoring Oral health: Not brushing teeth twice a day · People with serious mental illness (all included participants had schizophrenia); majority aged 18 to 65 years per… Oral health education (advice and training) for people with serious mental illness (2016) · Cochrane | No study reported useable data | 0 studies | No studies |
Oral health education (advice and training) vs Standard care (oral health advice not specifically emphasised beyond usual care) Leaving the study early · People with serious mental illness (all included participants had schizophrenia); majority aged 18 to 65 years per… Oral health education (advice and training) for people with serious mental illness (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1.67 [0.45, 6.24] | 1 study · 50 participants | Moderate |
Oral health education (advice and training) vs Standard care (oral health advice not specifically emphasised beyond usual care) Dental state: No clinically important change in plaque index · People with serious mental illness (all included participants had schizophrenia); majority aged 18 to 65 years per… Oral health education (advice and training) for people with serious mental illness (2016) · Cochrane | MD -0.5 [-0.62, -0.38] | 1 study · 40 participants | Very low |
Oral health education (advice and training) vs Standard care (oral health advice not specifically emphasised beyond usual care) Oral health: Not brushing teeth twice a day · People with serious mental illness (all included participants had schizophrenia); majority aged 18 to 65 years per… Oral health education (advice and training) for people with serious mental illness (2016) · Cochrane | No study reported useable data | 0 studies | No studies |
Motivational interview plus oral health education vs Oral health education Quality of life: Chronic pain · People with serious mental illness (all included participants had schizophrenia); majority aged 18 to 65 years per… Oral health education (advice and training) for people with serious mental illness (2016) · Cochrane | No study reported useable data | 0 studies | No studies |
Motivational interview plus oral health education vs Oral health education Dental state: No clinically important change in plaque index · People with serious mental illness (all included participants had schizophrenia); majority aged 18 to 65 years per… Oral health education (advice and training) for people with serious mental illness (2016) · Cochrane | MD -0.6 [-1.02, -0.18] | 1 study · 56 participants | Very low |
Monitoring (any means of observation, supervision, keeping under review, measuring or testing at intervals) vs No monitoring Oral health: Not having seen a dentist in the past year · People with serious mental illness (all included participants had schizophrenia); majority aged 18 to 65 years per… Oral health education (advice and training) for people with serious mental illness (2016) · Cochrane | No study reported useable data | 0 studies | No studies |
Oral health education (advice and training) vs Standard care (oral health advice not specifically emphasised beyond usual care) Adverse events: Clinically important specific adverse events · People with serious mental illness (all included participants had schizophrenia); majority aged 18 to 65 years per… Oral health education (advice and training) for people with serious mental illness (2016) · Cochrane | No study reported useable data | 0 studies | No studies |
Monitoring (any means of observation, supervision, keeping under review, measuring or testing at intervals) vs No monitoring Quality of life: Chronic pain · People with serious mental illness (all included participants had schizophrenia); majority aged 18 to 65 years per… Oral health education (advice and training) for people with serious mental illness (2016) · Cochrane | No study reported useable data | 0 studies | No studies |
Motivational interview plus oral health education vs Oral health education Self regulation: Average score (Treatment Self Regulation Questionnaire, high score = good) · People with serious mental illness (all included participants had schizophrenia); majority aged 18 to 65 years per… · External Oral health education (advice and training) for people with serious mental illness (2016) · Cochrane | MD 0.2 [-0.93, 1.33] | 1 study · 56 participants | Ungraded |
Monitoring (any means of observation, supervision, keeping under review, measuring or testing at intervals) vs No monitoring Service use: Emergency medical/dental treatment · People with serious mental illness (all included participants had schizophrenia); majority aged 18 to 65 years per… Oral health education (advice and training) for people with serious mental illness (2016) · Cochrane | No study reported useable data | 0 studies | No studies |
Monitoring (any means of observation, supervision, keeping under review, measuring or testing at intervals) vs No monitoring Adverse events: Clinically important specific adverse events · People with serious mental illness (all included participants had schizophrenia); majority aged 18 to 65 years per… Oral health education (advice and training) for people with serious mental illness (2016) · Cochrane | No study reported useable data | 0 studies | No studies |
Monitoring (any means of observation, supervision, keeping under review, measuring or testing at intervals) vs No monitoring Dental state: No clinically important change in plaque index · People with serious mental illness (all included participants had schizophrenia); majority aged 18 to 65 years per… Oral health education (advice and training) for people with serious mental illness (2016) · Cochrane | See comment; Not estimable; 0 (0 studies); no study reported useable data | 0 studies | No studies |
Motivational interview plus oral health education vs Oral health education Leaving the study early · People with serious mental illness (all included participants had schizophrenia); majority aged 18 to 65 years per… Oral health education (advice and training) for people with serious mental illness (2016) · Cochrane | RR 3.00 [0.33, 27.23] | 1 study · 60 participants | Moderate |
Motivational interview plus oral health education vs Oral health education Self regulation: Average score (Treatment Self Regulation Questionnaire, high score = good) · People with serious mental illness (all included participants had schizophrenia); majority aged 18 to 65 years per… · Autonomous Oral health education (advice and training) for people with serious mental illness (2016) · Cochrane | MD 0.7 [-0.43, 1.83] | 1 study · 56 participants | Ungraded |
Motivational interview plus oral health education vs Oral health education Adverse events: Clinically important specific adverse events · People with serious mental illness (all included participants had schizophrenia); majority aged 18 to 65 years per… Oral health education (advice and training) for people with serious mental illness (2016) · Cochrane | No study reported useable data | 0 studies | No studies |
Monitoring (any means of observation, supervision, keeping under review, measuring or testing at intervals) vs No monitoring Leaving the study early · People with serious mental illness (all included participants had schizophrenia); majority aged 18 to 65 years per… Oral health education (advice and training) for people with serious mental illness (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1.07 [1.00, 1.14] | 1 study · 1682 participants | Moderate |
Motivational interview plus oral health education vs Oral health education Self regulation: Average score (Treatment Self Regulation Questionnaire, high score = good) · People with serious mental illness (all included participants had schizophrenia); majority aged 18 to 65 years per… · Introjected Oral health education (advice and training) for people with serious mental illness (2016) · Cochrane | MD 1.1 [0.22, 1.98] | 1 study · 56 participants | Ungraded |
Oral health education (advice and training) vs Standard care (oral health advice not specifically emphasised beyond usual care) Oral health: Not having seen a dentist in the past year · People with serious mental illness (all included participants had schizophrenia); majority aged 18 to 65 years per… Oral health education (advice and training) for people with serious mental illness (2016) · Cochrane | No study reported useable data | 0 studies | No studies |
Motivational interview plus oral health education vs Oral health education Knowledge: Average score (Oral Health Knowledge Questionnaire, high score = good) · People with serious mental illness (all included participants had schizophrenia); majority aged 18 to 65 years per… Oral health education (advice and training) for people with serious mental illness (2016) · Cochrane | MD 5.4 [3.71, 7.09] | 1 study · 56 participants | Ungraded |
Oral health education (advice and training) vs Standard care (oral health advice not specifically emphasised beyond usual care) Economic: Increased costs of health care · People with serious mental illness (all included participants had schizophrenia); majority aged 18 to 65 years per… Oral health education (advice and training) for people with serious mental illness (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies | No studies |
Motivational interview plus oral health education vs Oral health education Service use: Emergency medical/dental treatment · People with serious mental illness (all included participants had schizophrenia); majority aged 18 to 65 years per… Oral health education (advice and training) for people with serious mental illness (2016) · Cochrane | No study reported useable data | 0 studies | No studies |