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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,521 questions in 132 reviews · Hepato-Biliary
current versionsNo studies 303 · 19.9%Ungraded 39 · 2.6%Very low 876 · 57.6%Low 216 · 14.2%Moderate 65 · 4.3%High 22 · 1.4%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
LC + LCBDE vs pre‐operative ERCP + LC Mortality at 30 days · with common bile duct stones Surgical versus endoscopic treatment of bile duct stones (2013) · Cochrane | OR 0.72 [0.12, 4.33] | 5 studies · 580 participants | Moderate |
LC + LCBDE vs pre‐operative ERCP + LC Total morbidity · with common bile duct stones Surgical versus endoscopic treatment of bile duct stones (2013) · Cochrane | OR 1.28 [0.8, 2.05] | 5 studies · 580 participants | Moderate |
LC + LCBDE vs pre‐operative ERCP + LC Failure of procedure · with common bile duct stones Surgical versus endoscopic treatment of bile duct stones (2013) · Cochrane | OR 0.51 [0.16, 1.59] | 5 studies · 580 participants | Moderate |
LC + LCBDE vs pre‐operative ERCP + LC Retained stones after primary intervention · with common bile duct stones Surgical versus endoscopic treatment of bile duct stones (2013) · Cochrane | OR 0.79 [0.45, 1.39] | 5 studies · 580 participants | Moderate |
LC + LCBDE vs pre‐operative ERCP + LC Conversion to open surgery · with common bile duct stones Surgical versus endoscopic treatment of bile duct stones (2013) · Cochrane | OR 1.46 [0.76, 2.81] | 5 studies · 580 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Variceal bleeding 5 years · patients with chronic hepatitis C who have failed prior antiviral therapy and who have severe histologic disease… Interferon for interferon nonresponding and relapsing patients with chronic hepatitis C (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Ascites 5 years · patients with chronic hepatitis C who have failed prior antiviral therapy and who have severe histologic disease… Interferon for interferon nonresponding and relapsing patients with chronic hepatitis C (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Early vs delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy Mortality · people with acute cholecystitis. Early versus delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy for people with acute cholecystitis (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 438 participants | Very low |
Early vs delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy Bile duct injury · people with acute cholecystitis. Early versus delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy for people with acute cholecystitis (2013) · Cochrane | Peto OR 0.49 [0.05, 4.72] | 5 studies · 438 participants | Very low |
Early vs delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy Other serious complications · people with acute cholecystitis. Early versus delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy for people with acute cholecystitis (2013) · Cochrane | RR 1.29 [0.61, 2.72] | 5 studies · 438 participants | Very low |
Early vs delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy Conversion to open cholecystectomy · people with acute cholecystitis. Early versus delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy for people with acute cholecystitis (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.89 [0.63, 1.25] | 6 studies · 488 participants | Very low |
Early vs delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy Hospital stay · people with acute cholecystitis. Early versus delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy for people with acute cholecystitis (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 373 participants | Moderate |
Early vs delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy Operating time · people with acute cholecystitis. Early versus delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy for people with acute cholecystitis (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 488 participants | Moderate |
Early vs delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy Return to work · people with acute cholecystitis. Early versus delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy for people with acute cholecystitis (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 36 participants | Very low |
T‐tube drainage vs primary closure Peri‐operative mortality · patients undergoing open common bile duct exploration. T‐tube drainage versus primary closure after open common bile duct exploration (2013) · Cochrane | RR 2.25 [0.55, 9.25] | 6 studies · 359 participants | Very low |
T‐tube drainage vs primary closure Serious morbidity (rate) · patients undergoing open common bile duct exploration. T‐tube drainage versus primary closure after open common bile duct exploration (2013) · Cochrane | Rate ratio 2.19 [0.98, 4.91] | 4 studies · 272 participants | Very low |
T‐tube drainage vs primary closure Serious morbidity (proportion) · patients undergoing open common bile duct exploration. T‐tube drainage versus primary closure after open common bile duct exploration (2013) · Cochrane | RR 2.53 [0.29, 21.98] | 1 study · 35 participants | Very low |
T‐tube drainage vs primary closure Operating time · patients undergoing open common bile duct exploration. T‐tube drainage versus primary closure after open common bile duct exploration (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 40 participants | Very low |
T‐tube drainage vs primary closure Hospital stay · patients undergoing open common bile duct exploration. T‐tube drainage versus primary closure after open common bile duct exploration (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 333 participants | Very low |
T‐tube drainage vs primary closure after laparoscopic common bile duct exploration Serious morbidity (rate) · laparoscopic common bile duct exploration. T‐tube drainage versus primary closure after laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (2013) · Cochrane | Rate ratio 1.59 [0.66, 3.83] | 3 studies · 295 participants | Very low |
T‐tube drainage vs primary closure after laparoscopic common bile duct exploration Serious morbidity (proportion of patients) · laparoscopic common bile duct exploration. T‐tube drainage versus primary closure after laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (2013) · Cochrane | RR 1.86 [0.87, 3.96] | 3 studies · 295 participants | Very low |
T‐tube drainage vs primary closure after laparoscopic common bile duct exploration Operating time (minutes) · laparoscopic common bile duct exploration. T‐tube drainage versus primary closure after laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 295 participants | Very low |
T‐tube drainage vs primary closure after laparoscopic common bile duct exploration Hospital stay (days) · laparoscopic common bile duct exploration. T‐tube drainage versus primary closure after laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 295 participants | Very low |
Routine abdominal drain vs 'no drain' Mortality · patients with laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Routine abdominal drainage versus no abdominal drainage for uncomplicated laparoscopic cholecystectomy (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.41 [0.04, 4.37] | 10 studies · 1681 participants | Very low |
Routine abdominal drain vs 'no drain' Serious adverse events (proportion of patients) · patients with laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Routine abdominal drainage versus no abdominal drainage for uncomplicated laparoscopic cholecystectomy (2013) · Cochrane | RR 2.12 [0.67, 6.4] | 7 studies · 1143 participants | Very low |
Routine abdominal drain vs 'no drain' Serious adverse events (number of events) · patients with laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Routine abdominal drainage versus no abdominal drainage for uncomplicated laparoscopic cholecystectomy (2013) · Cochrane | rate ratio 1.6 [0.66, 3.87] | 8 studies · 1286 participants | Very low |
Routine abdominal drain vs 'no drain' Quality of life Psychosocial Adjustment To Illness Scale Self‐Report version (PAIS‐SR) · patients with laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Routine abdominal drainage versus no abdominal drainage for uncomplicated laparoscopic cholecystectomy (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 93 participants | Very low |
Routine abdominal drain vs 'no drain' Same day discharge · patients with laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Routine abdominal drainage versus no abdominal drainage for uncomplicated laparoscopic cholecystectomy (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.05 [0, 0.75] | 1 study · 68 participants | Very low |
Routine abdominal drain vs 'no drain' Hospital stay · patients with laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Routine abdominal drainage versus no abdominal drainage for uncomplicated laparoscopic cholecystectomy (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 419 participants | Very low |
Routine abdominal drain vs 'no drain' Operating time · patients with laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Routine abdominal drainage versus no abdominal drainage for uncomplicated laparoscopic cholecystectomy (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 745 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Interferon vs. control · patients undergoing liver transplantation for chronic hepatitis C viral infection. Antiviral prophylaxis for the prevention of chronic hepatitis C virus in patients undergoing liver… (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR 90‐day mortality · patients undergoing liver transplantation for chronic hepatitis C viral infection. Antiviral prophylaxis for the prevention of chronic hepatitis C virus in patients undergoing liver… (2013) · Cochrane | RR 1.31 [0.41, 4.19] | 1 study · 81 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Mortality at maximal · patients undergoing liver transplantation for chronic hepatitis C viral infection. Antiviral prophylaxis for the prevention of chronic hepatitis C virus in patients undergoing liver… (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.86 [0.36, 2.08] | 2 studies · 105 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Mortality (HR) · patients undergoing liver transplantation for chronic hepatitis C viral infection. Antiviral prophylaxis for the prevention of chronic hepatitis C virus in patients undergoing liver… (2013) · Cochrane | HR 0.45 [0.13, 1.56] | 1 study · 81 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR HCV antibody vs. placebo · patients undergoing liver transplantation for chronic hepatitis C viral infection. Antiviral prophylaxis for the prevention of chronic hepatitis C virus in patients undergoing liver… (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Interferon vs. control · patients undergoing liver transplantation for chronic hepatitis C viral infection. Antiviral prophylaxis for the prevention of chronic hepatitis C virus in patients undergoing liver… (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Retransplantation at maximal · patients undergoing liver transplantation for chronic hepatitis C viral infection. Antiviral prophylaxis for the prevention of chronic hepatitis C virus in patients undergoing liver… (2013) · Cochrane | RR 1.17 [0.22, 6.2] | 2 studies · 105 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR HCV antibody vs. placebo · patients undergoing liver transplantation for chronic hepatitis C viral infection. Antiviral prophylaxis for the prevention of chronic hepatitis C virus in patients undergoing liver… (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR 90‐day retransplantation · patients undergoing liver transplantation for chronic hepatitis C viral infection. Antiviral prophylaxis for the prevention of chronic hepatitis C virus in patients undergoing liver… (2013) · Cochrane | RR 1.71 [0.09, 32.93] | 1 study · 18 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Serious adverse events · patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Abdominal lift for laparoscopic cholecystectomy (2013) · Cochrane | Rate ratio 1 [0.17, 5.77] | 2 studies · 58 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Operating time · patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Abdominal lift for laparoscopic cholecystectomy (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 107 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Serious adverse events (number of serious adverse events) · patients with laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Abdominal lift for laparoscopic cholecystectomy (2013) · Cochrane | Rate ratio 1.73 [0.35, 8.61] | 3 studies · 198 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Serious adverse events (proportion of patients with serious adverse events) · patients with laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Abdominal lift for laparoscopic cholecystectomy (2013) · Cochrane | RR 2.01 [0.52, 7.8] | 6 studies · 343 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Conversion to open cholecystectomy · patients with laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Abdominal lift for laparoscopic cholecystectomy (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.76 [0.26, 2.21] | 11 studies · 460 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Operating time · patients with laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Abdominal lift for laparoscopic cholecystectomy (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 16 studies · 649 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Proportion discharged as day‐patient laparoscopic cholecystectomy · patients with laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Abdominal lift for laparoscopic cholecystectomy (2013) · Cochrane | RR 1.67 [0.85, 3.26] | 2 studies · 62 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Operating time · surgical trainees training in laparoscopic surgery. Virtual reality training for surgical trainees in laparoscopic surgery (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 49 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Operative performance · surgical trainees training in laparoscopic surgery. Virtual reality training for surgical trainees in laparoscopic surgery (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 33 participants | Very low |
Day‐surgery vs overnight stay surgery Short term mortality · patients with laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Day‐surgery versus overnight stay surgery for laparoscopic cholecystectomy (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 86 participants | Low |
Day‐surgery vs overnight stay surgery Serious adverse events · patients with laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Day‐surgery versus overnight stay surgery for laparoscopic cholecystectomy (2013) · Cochrane | Rate Ratio 3.24 [0.74, 14.09] | 4 studies · 391 participants | Very low |