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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.

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Intervention or exposure

Comparison

Outcome

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Review versions

2,395 questions in 172 reviews · Gut

current versions

No studies 420 · 17.5%Ungraded 60 · 2.5%Very low 821 · 34.3%Low 602 · 25.1%Moderate 397 · 16.6%High 95 · 4%

Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.

Question	Effect	Evidence	Status / GRADE
Enteral nutrition vs 6‐MP Relapse · Participants with Crohn's disease in remission Enteral nutrition for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease (2018) · Cochrane	RR 1.61 [0.73, 3.53]	1 study · 62 participants	Very low
Enteral nutrition vs 6‐MP Change in weight · Participants with Crohn's disease in remission Enteral nutrition for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Enteral nutrition vs 6‐MP Change in height · Participants with Crohn's disease in remission Enteral nutrition for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Enteral nutrition vs 6‐MP Change in quality of life · Participants with Crohn's disease in remission Enteral nutrition for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Enteral nutrition vs 6‐MP Adverse events · Participants with Crohn's disease in remission Enteral nutrition for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease (2018) · Cochrane	RR 0.23 [0.03, 1.98]	1 study · 62 participants	Low
Elemental formula supplements vs polymeric formula supplements Change in weight · Participants with Crohn's disease in remission Enteral nutrition for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Enteral nutrition vs 6‐MP Serious adverse events · Participants with Crohn's disease in remission Enteral nutrition for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 62 participants	Ungraded
Enteral nutrition vs 6‐MP Withdrawal due to adverse events · Participants with Crohn's disease in remission Enteral nutrition for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Enteral nutrition vs mesalamine Relapse · Participants with Crohn's disease in remission Enteral nutrition for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease (2018) · Cochrane	RR 0.76 [0.49, 1.19]	1 study · 83 participants	Low
Enteral nutrition vs mesalamine Change in weight (kg) · Participants with Crohn's disease in remission Enteral nutrition for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 66 participants	Low
Enteral nutrition vs mesalamine Change in height · Participants with Crohn's disease in remission Enteral nutrition for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Enteral nutrition vs mesalamine Change in quality of life · Participants with Crohn's disease in remission Enteral nutrition for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Enteral nutrition vs mesalamine Adverse events · Participants with Crohn's disease in remission Enteral nutrition for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Enteral nutrition vs mesalamine Serious adverse events · Participants with Crohn's disease in remission Enteral nutrition for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Enteral nutrition vs mesalamine Withdrawal due to adverse events · Participants with Crohn's disease in remission Enteral nutrition for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Elemental formula supplements vs polymeric formula supplements Change in height · Participants with Crohn's disease in remission Enteral nutrition for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Elemental formula supplements vs polymeric formula supplements Change in quality of life · Participants with Crohn's disease in remission Enteral nutrition for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Elemental formula supplements vs polymeric formula supplements Adverse events · Participants with Crohn's disease in remission Enteral nutrition for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Elemental formula supplements vs polymeric formula supplements Serious adverse events · Participants with Crohn's disease in remission Enteral nutrition for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Elemental formula supplements vs polymeric formula supplements Withdrawals due to adverse events · Participants with Crohn's disease in remission Enteral nutrition for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease (2018) · Cochrane	RR 9.75 [0.59, 159.93]	1 study · 33 participants	Low
Elemental formula supplements vs no supplementation Relapse · Participants with Crohn's disease in remission Enteral nutrition for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease (2018) · Cochrane	RR 0.54 [0.3, 0.99]	1 study · 51 participants	Very low
Elemental formula supplements vs no supplementation Change in weight (kg) · Participants with Crohn's disease in remission Enteral nutrition for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
One infusion of natalizumab (300 mg or 3 mg/kg) vs placebo Failure to induce remission at 2 weeks · Participants with active Crohn's disease Natalizumab for induction of remission in Crohn's disease (2018) · Cochrane	RR 0.94 [0.89, 0.98]	3 studies · 1132 participants	Moderate
Two infusions of natalizumab (300 mg or 3 mg/kg) vs placebo Failure to induce clinical response at 6 weeks · Participants with active Crohn's disease Natalizumab for induction of remission in Crohn's disease (2018) · Cochrane	RR 0.66 [0.35, 1.25]	2 studies · 1034 participants	Low
Two infusions of natalizumab (300 mg or 3 mg/kg) vs placebo Faliure to induce clinical response at 8 weeks · Participants with active Crohn's disease Natalizumab for induction of remission in Crohn's disease (2018) · Cochrane	RR 0.73 [0.58, 0.91]	3 studies · 1543 participants	Low
Two infusions of natalizumab (300 mg or 3 mg/kg) vs placebo Adverse events up to week 12 · Participants with active Crohn's disease Natalizumab for induction of remission in Crohn's disease (2018) · Cochrane	RR 1.07 [0.92, 1.24]	1 study · 129 participants	Moderate
Two infusions of natalizumab (300 mg or 3 mg/kg) vs placebo Withdrawal due to adverse events up to week 12 · Participants with active Crohn's disease Natalizumab for induction of remission in Crohn's disease (2018) · Cochrane	RR 0.95 [0.14, 6.57]	1 study · 129 participants	Low
Two infusions of natalizumab (300 mg or 3 mg/kg) vs placebo Serious adverse events up to week 12 · Participants with active Crohn's disease Natalizumab for induction of remission in Crohn's disease (2018) · Cochrane	RR 0.82 [0.29, 2.3]	1 study · 129 participants	Low
Two infusions of natalizumab (6 mg/kg) vs placebo Failure to induce remission at 6 weeks · Participants with active Crohn's disease Natalizumab for induction of remission in Crohn's disease (2018) · Cochrane	RR 0.94 [0.74, 1.19]	1 study · 114 participants	Moderate
Two infusions of natalizumab (6 mg/kg) vs placebo Failure to induce remission at 8 weeks · Participants with active Crohn's disease Natalizumab for induction of remission in Crohn's disease (2018) · Cochrane	RR 0.68 [0.52, 0.88]	1 study · 114 participants	Moderate
Two infusions of natalizumab (6 mg/kg) vs placebo Failure to induce clinical response at 6 weeks · Participants with active Crohn's disease Natalizumab for induction of remission in Crohn's disease (2018) · Cochrane	RR 0.7 [0.48, 1.01]	1 study · 114 participants	Moderate
Two infusions of natalizumab (6 mg/kg) vs placebo Failure to induce clinical response at 8 weeks · Participants with active Crohn's disease Natalizumab for induction of remission in Crohn's disease (2018) · Cochrane	RR 0.69 [0.49, 0.99]	1 study · 114 participants	Moderate
Two infusions of natalizumab (6 mg/kg) vs placebo Adverse events up to week 12 · Participants with active Crohn's disease Natalizumab for induction of remission in Crohn's disease (2018) · Cochrane	RR 0.97 [0.8, 1.17]	1 study · 114 participants	Moderate
One infusion of natalizumab (300 mg or 3 mg/kg) vs placebo Failure to induce remission at 4 weeks · Participants with active Crohn's disease Natalizumab for induction of remission in Crohn's disease (2018) · Cochrane	RR 0.91 [0.86, 0.96]	3 studies · 1611 participants	High
Two infusions of natalizumab (6 mg/kg) vs placebo Withdrawal due to adverse events up to week 12 · Participants with active Crohn's disease Natalizumab for induction of remission in Crohn's disease (2018) · Cochrane	RR 1.85 [0.32, 10.67]	1 study · 114 participants	Low
Two infusions of natalizumab (6 mg/kg) vs placebo Serious adverse events up to week 12 · Participants with active Crohn's disease Natalizumab for induction of remission in Crohn's disease (2018) · Cochrane	RR 1.06 [0.38, 2.95]	1 study · 114 participants	Low
Three infusions of natalizumab (300 mg) vs placebo Failure to induce remission at 10 weeks · Participants with active Crohn's disease Natalizumab for induction of remission in Crohn's disease (2018) · Cochrane	RR 0.91 [0.81, 1.01]	1 study · 905 participants	High
Three infusions of natalizumab (300 mg) vs placebo Failure to induce remission at 12 weeks · Participants with active Crohn's disease Natalizumab for induction of remission in Crohn's disease (2018) · Cochrane	RR 0.85 [0.78, 0.92]	2 studies · 1414 participants	High
Three infusions of natalizumab (300 mg) vs placebo Failure to induce clinical response at 10 weeks · Participants with active Crohn's disease Natalizumab for induction of remission in Crohn's disease (2018) · Cochrane	RR 0.85 [0.72, 1]	1 study · 905 participants	High
Three infusions of natalizumab (300 mg) vs placebo Failure to induce clinical response at 12 weeks · Participants with active Crohn's disease Natalizumab for induction of remission in Crohn's disease (2018) · Cochrane	RR 0.76 [0.67, 0.86]	2 studies · 1414 participants	High
Three infusions of natalizumab (300 mg) vs placebo Adverse events up to week 12 · Participants with active Crohn's disease Natalizumab for induction of remission in Crohn's disease (2018) · Cochrane	RR 1.03 [0.98, 1.08]	2 studies · 1415 participants	High
Three infusions of natalizumab (300 mg) vs placebo Withdrawal due to adverse event up to week 12 · Participants with active Crohn's disease Natalizumab for induction of remission in Crohn's disease (2018) · Cochrane	RR 0.86 [0.59, 1.26]	2 studies · 1415 participants	Moderate
Three infusions of natalizumab (300 mg) vs placebo Serious adverse events up to week 12 · Participants with active Crohn's disease Natalizumab for induction of remission in Crohn's disease (2018) · Cochrane	RR 0.76 [0.37, 1.56]	2 studies · 1414 participants	Low
Three infusions of natalizumab (300 mg) and two infusions of infliximab (5 mg/kg) vs placebo and two infusions of infliximab Failure to induce clinical remission at week 10 · Participants with active Crohn's disease despite current treatment with infliximab Natalizumab for induction of remission in Crohn's disease (2018) · Cochrane	RR 0.9 [0.65, 1.24]	1 study · 79 participants	Moderate
One infusion of natalizumab (300 mg or 3 mg/kg) vs placebo Failure to induce clinical response at 2 weeks · Participants with active Crohn's disease Natalizumab for induction of remission in Crohn's disease (2018) · Cochrane	RR 0.82 [0.66, 1.01]	2 studies · 1102 participants	Moderate
Three infusions of natalizumab (300 mg) and two infusions of infliximab (5 mg/kg) vs placebo and two infusions of infliximab Failure to induce clinical response at 10 weeks · Participants with active Crohn's disease despite current treatment with infliximab Natalizumab for induction of remission in Crohn's disease (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Three infusions of natalizumab (300 mg) and two infusions of infliximab (5 mg/kg) vs placebo and two infusions of infliximab Adverse events up to week 10 · Participants with active Crohn's disease despite current treatment with infliximab Natalizumab for induction of remission in Crohn's disease (2018) · Cochrane	RR 0.93 [0.85, 1.03]	1 study · 79 participants	Moderate
Three infusions of natalizumab (300 mg) and two infusions of infliximab (5 mg/kg) vs placebo and two infusions of infliximab Withdrawal due to adverse events up to week 10 · Participants with active Crohn's disease despite current treatment with infliximab Natalizumab for induction of remission in Crohn's disease (2018) · Cochrane	RR 0.18 [0.01, 4.18]	1 study · 79 participants	Low
Three infusions of natalizumab (300 mg) and two infusions of infliximab (5 mg/kg) vs placebo and two infusions of infliximab Serious adverse events up to week 10 · Participants with active Crohn's disease despite current treatment with infliximab Natalizumab for induction of remission in Crohn's disease (2018) · Cochrane	RR 0.52 [0.03, 7.98]	1 study · 79 participants	Low
One infusion of natalizumab (300 mg or 3 mg/kg) vs placebo Failure to induce clinical response at 4 weeks · Participants with active Crohn's disease Natalizumab for induction of remission in Crohn's disease (2018) · Cochrane	RR 0.78 [0.66, 0.92]	3 studies · 1611 participants	Moderate