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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,325 questions in 216 reviews · Airways
current versionsNo studies 249 · 10.7%Ungraded 107 · 4.6%Very low 276 · 11.9%Low 751 · 32.3%Moderate 718 · 30.9%High 224 · 9.6%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
LABA/LAMA vs LABA/ICS Moderate to severe exacerbations: high‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80% Dual combination therapy versus long‐acting bronchodilators alone for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease… (2018) · Cochrane | OR 0.87 [0.76, 1] | 1 study · 3372 participants | Moderate |
LABA/LAMA vs LAMA Severe exacerbations: low‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80% Dual combination therapy versus long‐acting bronchodilators alone for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease… (2018) · Cochrane | OR 0.99 [0.57, 1.72] | 7 studies · 4937 participants | Moderate |
LABA/LAMA vs LAMA Pneumonia: high‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80% Dual combination therapy versus long‐acting bronchodilators alone for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease… (2018) · Cochrane | OR 0.98 [0.59, 1.61] | 2 studies · 2510 participants | Moderate |
LABA/LAMA vs LAMA Pneumonia: low‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80% Dual combination therapy versus long‐acting bronchodilators alone for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease… (2018) · Cochrane | OR 1.23 [0.84, 1.81] | 22 studies · 18538 participants | Moderate |
LABA/LAMA vs LABA Moderate to severe exacerbations: high‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80% Dual combination therapy versus long‐acting bronchodilators alone for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
LABA/LAMA vs LABA Moderate to severe exacerbations: low‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80% Dual combination therapy versus long‐acting bronchodilators alone for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease… (2018) · Cochrane | OR 0.77 [0.62, 0.97] | 5 studies · 2488 participants | Moderate |
LABA/LAMA vs LABA Severe exacerbations: high‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80% Dual combination therapy versus long‐acting bronchodilators alone for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
LABA/LAMA vs LABA Severe exacerbations: low‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80% Dual combination therapy versus long‐acting bronchodilators alone for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease… (2018) · Cochrane | OR 0.78 [0.55, 1.12] | 6 studies · 2898 participants | Moderate |
LABA/LAMA vs LABA Pneumonia: high‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80% Dual combination therapy versus long‐acting bronchodilators alone for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
LABA/LAMA vs LABA Pneumonia: low‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80% Dual combination therapy versus long‐acting bronchodilators alone for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease… (2018) · Cochrane | OR 1.54 [0.95, 2.49] | 10 studies · 8252 participants | Moderate |
LABA/ICS vs LAMA Moderate to severe exacerbations: high‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80% Dual combination therapy versus long‐acting bronchodilators alone for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease… (2018) · Cochrane | OR 1.12 [0.9, 1.39] | 2 studies · 1580 participants | Moderate |
LABA/LAMA vs LABA/ICS Moderate to severe exacerbations: low‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80% Dual combination therapy versus long‐acting bronchodilators alone for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease… (2018) · Cochrane | OR 0.86 [0.65, 1.14] | 6 studies · 4315 participants | Moderate |
LABA/ICS vs LAMA Moderate to severe exacerbations: low‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80% Dual combination therapy versus long‐acting bronchodilators alone for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease… (2018) · Cochrane | OR 0.63 [0.24, 1.66] | 1 study · 623 participants | Low |
LABA/ICS vs LAMA Severe exacerbations: high‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80% Dual combination therapy versus long‐acting bronchodilators alone for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease… (2018) · Cochrane | OR 1.28 [0.95, 1.73] | 2 studies · 1580 participants | Moderate |
LABA/ICS vs LAMA Severe exacerbations: low‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80% Dual combination therapy versus long‐acting bronchodilators alone for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease… (2018) · Cochrane | OR 3.05 [0.32, 29.47] | 1 study · 623 participants | Low |
LABA/ICS vs LAMA Pneumonia: high‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80% Dual combination therapy versus long‐acting bronchodilators alone for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease… (2018) · Cochrane | OR 1.8 [1.06, 3.06] | 2 studies · 1580 participants | Moderate |
LABA/ICS vs LAMA Pneumonia: low‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80% Dual combination therapy versus long‐acting bronchodilators alone for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease… (2018) · Cochrane | OR 5.82 [0.7, 48.8] | 2 studies · 885 participants | Low |
LABA/ICS vs LABA Moderate to severe exacerbations: high‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80% Dual combination therapy versus long‐acting bronchodilators alone for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease… (2018) · Cochrane | OR 0.81 [0.75, 0.89] | 10 studies · 9041 participants | High |
LABA/ICS vs LABA Moderate to severe exacerbations: low‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80% Dual combination therapy versus long‐acting bronchodilators alone for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease… (2018) · Cochrane | OR 0.83 [0.7, 0.98] | 6 studies · 6689 participants | Moderate |
LABA/ICS vs LABA Severe exacerbations: high‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80% Dual combination therapy versus long‐acting bronchodilators alone for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease… (2018) · Cochrane | OR 0.91 [0.74, 1.13] | 5 studies · 4216 participants | Moderate |
LABA/ICS vs LABA Severe exacerbations: low‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80% Dual combination therapy versus long‐acting bronchodilators alone for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease… (2018) · Cochrane | OR 1.06 [0.9, 1.24] | 6 studies · 6482 participants | High |
LABA/ICS vs LABA Pneumonia: high‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80% Dual combination therapy versus long‐acting bronchodilators alone for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease… (2018) · Cochrane | OR 1.46 [1.03, 2.08] | 14 studies · 12586 participants | Moderate |
LABA/LAMA vs LABA/ICS Severe exacerbations: high‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80% Dual combination therapy versus long‐acting bronchodilators alone for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease… (2018) · Cochrane | OR 0.88 [0.74, 1.06] | 1 study · 3354 participants | Moderate |
LABA/ICS vs LABA Pneumonia: low‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80% Dual combination therapy versus long‐acting bronchodilators alone for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease… (2018) · Cochrane | OR 1.64 [1.25, 2.14] | 6 studies · 6705 participants | High |
LAMA vs LABA Moderate to severe exacerbations: high‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80% Dual combination therapy versus long‐acting bronchodilators alone for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease… (2018) · Cochrane | OR 0.84 [0.76, 0.92] | 1 study · 7376 participants | High |
LAMA vs LABA Moderate to severe exacerbations: low‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80% Dual combination therapy versus long‐acting bronchodilators alone for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease… (2018) · Cochrane | OR 0.92 [0.79, 1.07] | 5 studies · 4567 participants | Moderate |
LAMA vs LABA Severe exacerbations: high‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80% Dual combination therapy versus long‐acting bronchodilators alone for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease… (2018) · Cochrane | OR 0.88 [0.78, 1.01] | 1 study · 7376 participants | Moderate |
LAMA vs LABA Severe exacerbations: low‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80% Dual combination therapy versus long‐acting bronchodilators alone for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease… (2018) · Cochrane | OR 0.64 [0.36, 1.13] | 4 studies · 3320 participants | Low |
LAMA vs LABA Pneumonia: high‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80% Dual combination therapy versus long‐acting bronchodilators alone for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease… (2018) · Cochrane | OR 0.83 [0.61, 1.13] | 2 studies · 10815 participants | Moderate |
LAMA vs LABA Pneumonia: low‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80% Dual combination therapy versus long‐acting bronchodilators alone for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease… (2018) · Cochrane | OR 1.01 [0.61, 1.69] | 10 studies · 11338 participants | Moderate |
LABA/LAMA vs LABA/ICS Severe exacerbations: low‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80% Dual combination therapy versus long‐acting bronchodilators alone for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease… (2018) · Cochrane | OR 0.66 [0.27, 1.63] | 4 studies · 2860 participants | Moderate |
LABA/LAMA vs LABA/ICS Pneumonia: high‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80% Dual combination therapy versus long‐acting bronchodilators alone for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease… (2018) · Cochrane | OR 0.62 [0.4, 0.96] | 1 study · 3358 participants | Moderate |
LABA/LAMA vs LABA/ICS Pneumonia: low‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80% Dual combination therapy versus long‐acting bronchodilators alone for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease… (2018) · Cochrane | OR 0.43 [0.19, 0.97] | 7 studies · 5395 participants | Moderate |
LABA/LAMA vs LAMA Moderate to severe exacerbations: high‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80% Dual combination therapy versus long‐acting bronchodilators alone for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease… (2018) · Cochrane | OR 1.06 [0.89, 1.27] | 1 study · 2206 participants | Moderate |
LABA/LAMA vs LAMA Moderate to severe exacerbations: low‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80% Dual combination therapy versus long‐acting bronchodilators alone for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease… (2018) · Cochrane | OR 0.93 [0.66, 1.3] | 8 studies · 5192 participants | Low |
LABA/LAMA vs LAMA Severe exacerbations: high‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80% Dual combination therapy versus long‐acting bronchodilators alone for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease… (2018) · Cochrane | OR 0.73 [0.45, 1.16] | 1 study · 304 participants | Moderate |
Intramuscular corticosteroids vs Oral corticosteroids Relapse · patients with acute asthma Intramuscular versus oral corticosteroids to reduce relapses following discharge from the emergency… (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.94 [0.72, 1.24] | 9 studies · 804 participants | Low |
Intramuscular corticosteroids vs Oral corticosteroids Relapse within 10 days post‐discharge · patients with acute asthma Intramuscular versus oral corticosteroids to reduce relapses following discharge from the emergency… (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.74 [0.51, 1.07] | 7 studies · 742 participants | Moderate |
Intramuscular corticosteroids vs Oral corticosteroids Relapse occurring after 10 days post‐discharge · patients with acute asthma Intramuscular versus oral corticosteroids to reduce relapses following discharge from the emergency… (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.99 [0.74, 1.33] | 5 studies · 556 participants | Low |
Intramuscular corticosteroids vs Oral corticosteroids Adverse events · patients with acute asthma Intramuscular versus oral corticosteroids to reduce relapses following discharge from the emergency… (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.83 [0.64, 1.07] | 5 studies · 404 participants | Low |
Intramuscular corticosteroids vs Oral corticosteroids Pulmonary function: Peak expiratory flow · patients with acute asthma Intramuscular versus oral corticosteroids to reduce relapses following discharge from the emergency… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 272 participants | Moderate |
Intramuscular corticosteroids vs Oral corticosteroids Symptom persistence · patients with acute asthma Intramuscular versus oral corticosteroids to reduce relapses following discharge from the emergency… (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.41 [0.14, 1.2] | 3 studies · 80 participants | Low |
Intramuscular corticosteroids vs Oral corticosteroids 24‐hour beta agonist use · patients with acute asthma Intramuscular versus oral corticosteroids to reduce relapses following discharge from the emergency… (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.54 [0.21, 1.37] | 2 studies · 48 participants | Low |
Combination inhaled therapy vs SABA alone Hospitalisation · Adults with acute asthma Combined inhaled beta‐agonist and anticholinergic agents for emergency management in adults with asthma (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.72 [0.59, 0.86] | 16 studies · 2120 participants | Moderate |
Combination inhaled therapy vs SABA alone Total adverse events · Adults with acute asthma Combined inhaled beta‐agonist and anticholinergic agents for emergency management in adults with asthma (2017) · Cochrane | OR 2.03 [1.28, 3.2] | 11 studies · 1392 participants | Moderate |
Combination inhaled therapy vs SABA alone FEV₁ · Adults with acute asthma Combined inhaled beta‐agonist and anticholinergic agents for emergency management in adults with asthma (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 687 participants | Low |
Combination inhaled therapy vs SABA alone Percent change FEV₁(%) · Adults with acute asthma Combined inhaled beta‐agonist and anticholinergic agents for emergency management in adults with asthma (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 578 participants | Very low |
Combination inhaled therapy vs SABA alone Peak expiratory flow (PEF) · Adults with acute asthma Combined inhaled beta‐agonist and anticholinergic agents for emergency management in adults with asthma (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 12 studies · 1056 participants | Moderate |
Combination inhaled therapy vs SABA alone Percent change from baseline PEF (%) · Adults with acute asthma Combined inhaled beta‐agonist and anticholinergic agents for emergency management in adults with asthma (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 551 participants | Moderate |
Combination inhaled therapy vs SABA alone Relapse rates · Adults with acute asthma Combined inhaled beta‐agonist and anticholinergic agents for emergency management in adults with asthma (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.8 [0.66, 0.98] | 5 studies · 1180 participants | Moderate |