Gap finder
Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,112 questions in 171 reviews · Eyes and Vision
current versionsNo studies 587 · 27.8%Ungraded 95 · 4.5%Very low 446 · 21.1%Low 557 · 26.4%Moderate 361 · 17.1%High 66 · 3.1%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
IStent in combination with phacoemulsification vs phacoemulsification alone Proportion of participants who were drop‐free · open‐angle glaucoma Ab interno trabecular bypass surgery with iStent for open‐angle glaucoma (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.38 [1.18, 1.63] | 2 studies · 239 participants | Very low |
IStent (or iStent inject) vs medical therapy Mean change in IOP from baseline · open‐angle glaucoma Ab interno trabecular bypass surgery with iStent for open‐angle glaucoma (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 184 participants | Very low |
IStent (or iStent inject) vs medical therapy Health‐related quality of life · open‐angle glaucoma Ab interno trabecular bypass surgery with iStent for open‐angle glaucoma (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
IStent (or iStent inject) vs medical therapy Intraoperative complications · open‐angle glaucoma Ab interno trabecular bypass surgery with iStent for open‐angle glaucoma (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 101 participants | Ungraded |
IStent (or iStent inject) vs medical therapy Postoperative complications · open‐angle glaucoma Ab interno trabecular bypass surgery with iStent for open‐angle glaucoma (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 286 participants | Ungraded |
IStent (or iStent inject) vs medical therapy Secondary glaucoma surgery · open‐angle glaucoma Ab interno trabecular bypass surgery with iStent for open‐angle glaucoma (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 286 participants | Ungraded |
IStent in combination with phacoemulsification vs phacoemulsification alone Mean change in number of IOP‐lowering drops from baseline · open‐angle glaucoma Ab interno trabecular bypass surgery with iStent for open‐angle glaucoma (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 282 participants | Very low |
IStent in combination with phacoemulsification vs phacoemulsification alone Mean change in IOP from baseline · open‐angle glaucoma Ab interno trabecular bypass surgery with iStent for open‐angle glaucoma (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 284 participants | Very low |
IStent in combination with phacoemulsification vs phacoemulsification alone Health‐related quality of life · open‐angle glaucoma Ab interno trabecular bypass surgery with iStent for open‐angle glaucoma (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
IStent in combination with phacoemulsification vs phacoemulsification alone Intraoperative complications · open‐angle glaucoma Ab interno trabecular bypass surgery with iStent for open‐angle glaucoma (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
IStent in combination with phacoemulsification vs phacoemulsification alone Postoperative complications · open‐angle glaucoma Ab interno trabecular bypass surgery with iStent for open‐angle glaucoma (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 334 participants | Ungraded |
IStent in combination with phacoemulsification vs phacoemulsification alone Secondary glaucoma surgery · open‐angle glaucoma Ab interno trabecular bypass surgery with iStent for open‐angle glaucoma (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 290 participants | Ungraded |
IStent (or iStent inject) vs medical therapy Proportion of participants who were drop‐free · open‐angle glaucoma Ab interno trabecular bypass surgery with iStent for open‐angle glaucoma (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 286 participants | Very low |
IStent (or iStent inject) vs medical therapy Mean change in number of IOP‐lowering drops from baseline · open‐angle glaucoma Ab interno trabecular bypass surgery with iStent for open‐angle glaucoma (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Toric intraocular lens (IOL) vs limbal relaxing incisions (LRIs) Postoperative residual refractive astigmatism of less than 0.50 D · people with astigmatism who are having cataract surgery (phacoemulsification) Toric intraocular lens versus limbal relaxing incisions for corneal astigmatism after phacoemulsification (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.4 [1.1, 1.78] | 5 studies · 262 participants | Moderate |
Toric intraocular lens (IOL) vs limbal relaxing incisions (LRIs) Postoperative residual refractive astigmatism in dioptres · people with astigmatism who are having cataract surgery (phacoemulsification) Toric intraocular lens versus limbal relaxing incisions for corneal astigmatism after phacoemulsification (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 10 studies · 620 participants | Low |
Toric intraocular lens (IOL) vs limbal relaxing incisions (LRIs) Uncorrected postoperative distance visual acuity (logMAR) LogMAR score ranges from –1.3 to +1.3 with lower scores representing better vision (logMAR of 0 = 6/6 visual acuity) · people with astigmatism who are having cataract surgery (phacoemulsification) Toric intraocular lens versus limbal relaxing incisions for corneal astigmatism after phacoemulsification (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 8 studies · 474 participants | Moderate |
Toric intraocular lens (IOL) vs limbal relaxing incisions (LRIs) Spectacle independence for distance as reported by the participant · people with astigmatism who are having cataract surgery (phacoemulsification) Toric intraocular lens versus limbal relaxing incisions for corneal astigmatism after phacoemulsification (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.56 [1.14, 2.15] | 2 studies · 100 participants | Low |
Toric intraocular lens (IOL) vs limbal relaxing incisions (LRIs) Vision‐related quality of life measured using the VF‐14 index Scale 0–100: 0 = unable to do all applicable activities because of vision and 100 = able to do all applicable activities because of vision) · people with astigmatism who are having cataract surgery (phacoemulsification) Toric intraocular lens versus limbal relaxing incisions for corneal astigmatism after phacoemulsification (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 40 participants | Low |
Toric intraocular lens (IOL) vs limbal relaxing incisions (LRIs) Adverse effects: postoperative lens rotation requiring second procedure to re‐align toric IOL · people with astigmatism who are having cataract surgery (phacoemulsification) Toric intraocular lens versus limbal relaxing incisions for corneal astigmatism after phacoemulsification (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 318 participants | Very low |
Toric intraocular lens (IOL) vs limbal relaxing incisions (LRIs) Adverse effects: other · people with astigmatism who are having cataract surgery (phacoemulsification) Toric intraocular lens versus limbal relaxing incisions for corneal astigmatism after phacoemulsification (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 410 participants | Very low |
Therapeutic contact lens vs topical lubrication Resolution of symptoms after treatment · people with recurrent corneal erosion syndrome without previous surgical intervention Interventions for recurrent corneal erosions (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.97 [0.62, 1.53] | 1 study · 29 participants | Low |
Phototherapeutic keratectomy vs alcohol delamination Time to recurrence · people with recurrent corneal erosion syndrome without previous surgical intervention Interventions for recurrent corneal erosions (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 33 participants | Low |
Phototherapeutic keratectomy vs alcohol delamination Recurrences requiring further treatment · people with recurrent corneal erosion syndrome without previous surgical intervention Interventions for recurrent corneal erosions (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.71 [0.14, 3.7] | 1 study · 33 participants | Very low |
Phototherapeutic keratectomy vs alcohol delamination Symptoms (pain score) (scale 0‐10) (lower scores indicate less pain) · people with recurrent corneal erosion syndrome without previous surgical intervention Interventions for recurrent corneal erosions (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 33 participants | Low |
Phototherapeutic keratectomy vs alcohol delamination Adverse effects: corneal haze · people with recurrent corneal erosion syndrome without previous surgical intervention Interventions for recurrent corneal erosions (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 33 participants | Very low |
Phototherapeutic keratectomy vs alcohol delamination Adverse effects: astigmatism · people with recurrent corneal erosion syndrome without previous surgical intervention Interventions for recurrent corneal erosions (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Diamond burr superficial keratectomy (after epithelial debridement) vs sham diamond burr (after epithelial debridement) Resolution of symptoms after treatment · people with recurrent corneal erosion syndrome without other corneal basement membrane dystrophy Interventions for recurrent corneal erosions (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Diamond burr superficial keratectomy (after epithelial debridement) vs sham diamond burr (after epithelial debridement) Recurrence after complete or partial resolution · people with recurrent corneal erosion syndrome without other corneal basement membrane dystrophy Interventions for recurrent corneal erosions (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.07 [0.01, 0.5] | 1 study · 48 participants | Moderate |
Diamond burr superficial keratectomy (after epithelial debridement) vs sham diamond burr (after epithelial debridement) Time to recurrence · people with recurrent corneal erosion syndrome without other corneal basement membrane dystrophy Interventions for recurrent corneal erosions (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 48 participants | Low |
Diamond burr superficial keratectomy (after epithelial debridement) vs sham diamond burr (after epithelial debridement) Recurrences requiring further treatment · people with recurrent corneal erosion syndrome without other corneal basement membrane dystrophy Interventions for recurrent corneal erosions (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Diamond burr superficial keratectomy (after epithelial debridement) vs sham diamond burr (after epithelial debridement) Symptoms (pain score) · people with recurrent corneal erosion syndrome without other corneal basement membrane dystrophy Interventions for recurrent corneal erosions (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Therapeutic contact lens vs topical lubrication Recurrence after complete or partial resolution · people with recurrent corneal erosion syndrome without previous surgical intervention Interventions for recurrent corneal erosions (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.07 [0.07, 15.54] | 1 study · 29 participants | Very low |
Diamond burr superficial keratectomy (after epithelial debridement) vs sham diamond burr (after epithelial debridement) Adverse effects: corneal haze · people with recurrent corneal erosion syndrome without other corneal basement membrane dystrophy Interventions for recurrent corneal erosions (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 48 participants | Low |
Diamond burr superficial keratectomy (after epithelial debridement) vs sham diamond burr (after epithelial debridement) Adverse effects: astigmatism (mean magnitude) measured in dioptres. Higher value is worse astigmatism. · people with recurrent corneal erosion syndrome without other corneal basement membrane dystrophy Interventions for recurrent corneal erosions (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 48 participants | Moderate |
Therapeutic contact lens vs topical lubrication Time to recurrence · people with recurrent corneal erosion syndrome without previous surgical intervention Interventions for recurrent corneal erosions (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Therapeutic contact lens vs topical lubrication Recurrences requiring further treatment · people with recurrent corneal erosion syndrome without previous surgical intervention Interventions for recurrent corneal erosions (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Therapeutic contact lens vs topical lubrication Symptoms (pain score) · people with recurrent corneal erosion syndrome without previous surgical intervention Interventions for recurrent corneal erosions (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 29 participants | Low |
Therapeutic contact lens vs topical lubrication Adverse effects: corneal haze · people with recurrent corneal erosion syndrome without previous surgical intervention Interventions for recurrent corneal erosions (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Therapeutic contact lens vs topical lubrication Adverse effects: astigmatism · people with recurrent corneal erosion syndrome without previous surgical intervention Interventions for recurrent corneal erosions (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Phototherapeutic keratectomy vs alcohol delamination Resolution of symptoms after treatment · people with recurrent corneal erosion syndrome without previous surgical intervention Interventions for recurrent corneal erosions (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.64 [0.3, 1.35] | 1 study · 33 participants | Low |
Phototherapeutic keratectomy vs alcohol delamination Recurrence after complete or partial resolution · people with recurrent corneal erosion syndrome without previous surgical intervention Interventions for recurrent corneal erosions (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.27 [0.48, 3.37] | 1 study · 33 participants | Low |
Stand‐mounted closed circuit television (CCTV) vs optical device Reading speed (words per minute) · adults with low vision Reading aids for adults with low vision (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 70 participants | Low |
Hand‐held mouse‐based electronic device vs optical device Ease and frequency of use Task difficulty score (0=very easy to use 5=extremely difficult) · adults with low vision Reading aids for adults with low vision (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 70 participants | Moderate |
Hand‐held mouse‐based electronic device vs optical device Quality of life · adults with low vision Reading aids for adults with low vision (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Hand‐held mouse‐based electronic device vs optical device Adverse outcomes · adults with low vision Reading aids for adults with low vision (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Hand‐held (not mouse‐based) electronic device plus optical device vs optical device Reading speed (words per minute) using the IReST test · adults with low vision Reading aids for adults with low vision (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 100 participants | Moderate |
Hand‐held (not mouse‐based) electronic device plus optical device vs optical device Reading duration · adults with low vision Reading aids for adults with low vision (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Hand‐held (not mouse‐based) electronic device plus optical device vs optical device Reading acuity · adults with low vision Reading aids for adults with low vision (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Hand‐held (not mouse‐based) electronic device plus optical device vs optical device Ease and frequency of use Frequency of use (0 = never to 4 = several times a day) · adults with low vision Reading aids for adults with low vision (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 100 participants | Low |