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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

613 questions · 659 findings · 29 reviews · Orthodontics

No studies found 186 · 28.2%GRADE not reported 294 · 44.6%Very low 87 · 13.2%Low 68 · 10.3%Moderate 21 · 3.2%High 3 · 0.5%

Orthodontic appliances (palatal crib) vs no treatment

Sucking cessation (long term) · Children with a non-nutritive sucking habit (digit or pacifier)

Orthodontic appliances (palatal crib) led to higher sucking cessation (long term) compared with no treatment; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Repositioning of ankylosed teeth after osteotomy followed or not by distraction osteogenesis, or after luxation vs Conventional orthodontic treatment or follow-up with no specific treatment for ankylosis

Outcome not reported · Any patient with ankylosis and displacement of permanent front teeth diagnosed by clinical and radiographic assessment, with or without…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Palatal arch vs Palatal crib (alternative orthodontic appliance)

Sucking cessation (short term) · Children with a non-nutritive sucking habit (digit or pacifier)

It is very uncertain whether palatal arch changes sucking cessation (short term) compared with palatal crib (alternative orthodontic appliance) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Fixed-appliance orthodontic treatment incorporating surgically assisted orthodontics (adjunctive surgical procedure: corticotomy, micro-osteoperforation or interseptal bone reduction) to increase the rate of tooth movement vs Conventional orthodontic appliance treatment

Duration of orthodontic treatment, number of visits during active treatment (scheduled and unscheduled) and duration of visits · Individuals of any age receiving orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances (braces) (people requiring orthodontic tooth movement);…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Pacifier withdrawal vs No treatment

Outcome not reported · Children with a non-nutritive sucking habit (digit or pacifier)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Orthodontic appliances (palatal crib) vs no treatment

Sucking cessation (short term) · Children with a non-nutritive sucking habit (digit or pacifier)

Orthodontic appliances (palatal arch/palatal crib) may leads to higher sucking cessation (short term) compared with no treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Orthodontic appliances (palatal crib) vs no treatment

Occlusion (net change in overjet, short term) · Children with a non-nutritive sucking habit (digit or pacifier)
1 finding from 1 review
  • Table 1 (reduction in malocclusion), Villa 1997 (n=24), palatal crib vs no treatment: net change in overjet (mm) - no treatment 0.02; palatal crib -0.2; no statistically significant net change in overjet between…
    1 study · 24 participants
    GRADE not reported

Psychological intervention + orthodontic treatment (palatal crib or palatal arch) vs no treatment

Adverse events · Children with a non-nutritive sucking habit (digit or pacifier)
1 finding from 1 review

Fixed-appliance orthodontic treatment incorporating surgically assisted orthodontics (adjunctive surgical procedure: corticotomy, micro-osteoperforation or interseptal bone reduction) to increase the rate of tooth movement vs Conventional orthodontic appliance treatment

Patient satisfaction with treatment Measured by a validated scale · Individuals of any age receiving orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances (braces) (people requiring orthodontic tooth movement);…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological intervention + palatal arch vs Psychological intervention + palatal crib

Sucking cessation (short term) · Children with a non-nutritive sucking habit (digit or pacifier)

Psychological intervention + palatal arch led to lower sucking cessation (short term) compared with psychological intervention + palatal crib; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Aversive tasting substance applied to digit vs Psychological intervention (habit reversal)

Sucking cessation (short term) · Children with a non-nutritive sucking habit (digit or pacifier)

Aversive tasting substance applied to digit showed no clear difference in sucking cessation (short term) compared with psychological intervention (habit reversal); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological intervention (habit reversal / positive reinforcement) vs Alternative psychological intervention (DRO / negative reinforcement)

Sucking cessation (short term) · Children with a non-nutritive sucking habit (digit or pacifier)
1 finding from 1 review
  • Interventions for the cessation of non‐nutritive sucking habits in children 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes
    Short term (less than 12 months)
    Christensen 1987 (20 participants) compared habit reversal (HR) with differential reinforcement of other behaviour (DRO): no statistically significant difference. Larsson 1972 (38 participants) compared positive with…
    2 studies · 58 participants
    GRADE not reported

Transplantation of other teeth after extraction of the ankylosed teeth vs Conventional orthodontic treatment or follow-up with no specific treatment for ankylosis

Outcome not reported · Any patient with ankylosis and displacement of permanent front teeth diagnosed by clinical and radiographic assessment, with or without…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Fixed-appliance orthodontic treatment incorporating surgically assisted orthodontics (adjunctive surgical procedure: corticotomy, micro-osteoperforation or interseptal bone reduction) to increase the rate of tooth movement vs Conventional orthodontic appliance treatment

Prolonged stability of treatment (adjudged using an accepted scale) · Individuals of any age receiving orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances (braces) (people requiring orthodontic tooth movement);…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Fixed-appliance orthodontic treatment incorporating surgically assisted orthodontics (adjunctive surgical procedure: corticotomy, micro-osteoperforation or interseptal bone reduction) to increase the rate of tooth movement vs Conventional orthodontic appliance treatment

Rate of orthodontic tooth movement with removable orthodontic aligners · Individuals of any age receiving orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances (braces) (people requiring orthodontic tooth movement);…

Fixed-appliance orthodontic treatment incorporating surgically… may leads to higher rate of tooth movement (orthodontic tooth movement in mm at 3 months) compared with conventional treatment: fixed-appliance orthodontic treatment… (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Psychological interventions (positive/negative reinforcement, habit reversal, DRO) vs no treatment

Sucking cessation (short term) · Children with a non-nutritive sucking habit (digit or pacifier)

Psychological interventions (positive/negative reinforcement, habit… may leads to higher sucking cessation (short term) compared with no treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Orthodontic appliances (palatal crib) vs no treatment

Occlusion (change in mandibular arch length, short term) · Children with a non-nutritive sucking habit (digit or pacifier)
1 finding from 1 review

Psychological intervention + orthodontic treatment (palatal crib or palatal arch) vs no treatment

Sucking cessation (short term) · Children with a non-nutritive sucking habit (digit or pacifier)

Psychological intervention + orthodontic treatment (palatal crib or… showed no clear difference in sucking cessation (short term) compared with no treatment; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Fixed-appliance orthodontic treatment incorporating surgically assisted orthodontics (adjunctive surgical procedure: corticotomy, micro-osteoperforation or interseptal bone reduction) to increase the rate of tooth movement vs Conventional orthodontic appliance treatment

Harms arising during orthodontic treatment (gingival and periodontal problems, anchorage loss and iatrogenic damage to teeth e.g. caries/decalcification, root resorption); only periodontal/gingival health assessed · Individuals of any age receiving orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances (braces) (people requiring orthodontic tooth movement);…
1 finding from 1 review
  • SoF: Assumed risk 'See comment'; Corresponding risk 'See comment'; 13 (1 study, split‐mouth); Quality ⊕⊖⊖⊖ very low. Comment: 'Gingival and periodonal problems only were assesed in 1 study (Aboul‐Ela 2011). No precise…
    1 study · 13 participants
    Very low