Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

948 questions · 998 findings · 100 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 233 · 23.3%GRADE not reported 40 · 4%Very low 203 · 20.3%Low 271 · 27.2%Moderate 176 · 17.6%High 75 · 7.5%

Wheat flour or wheat flour products fortified with folic acid plus other vitamins and minerals vs unfortified wheat flours or wheat flour products (not containing folic acid nor any other vitamins and minerals)

Folate concentration Serum folate levels, measured between 6 and 12 months after entry to the study · health: non‐randomised studies
1 finding from 1 review

Wheat flour or wheat flour products fortified with folic acid plus other vitamins and minerals vs unfortified wheat flours or wheat flour products (not containing folic acid nor any other vitamins and minerals)

Anaemia · health: non‐randomised studies

It is very uncertain whether wheat flour or wheat flour products fortified with folic acid plus… changes anaemia compared with unfortified wheat flours or wheat flour products (not containing… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Wheat flour or wheat flour products fortified with folic acid plus other vitamins and minerals vs unfortified wheat flours or wheat flour products (not containing folic acid nor any other vitamins and minerals)

Anaemia · health outcomes

Wheat flour or wheat flour products fortified with folic acid plus… showed no clear difference in anaemia compared with unfortified wheat flours or wheat flour products (not containing… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Wheat flour or wheat flour products fortified with folic acid plus other vitamins and minerals vs unfortified wheat flours or wheat flour products (not containing folic acid nor any other vitamins and minerals)

Neural tube defects (All) · health: non‐randomised studies

It is very uncertain whether wheat flour or wheat flour products fortified with folic acid plus… changes neural tube defects (spina bifida, encephalocoele, anencephaly‐fatal… compared with unfortified wheat flours or wheat flour products (not containing… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐vitamin‐K‐antagonist oral anticoagulants vs placebo

Apixaban (all doses combined) vs placebo · adults after AMI without an indication for anticoagulation
3 findings from 1 review

Non‐vitamin‐K‐antagonist oral anticoagulants vs placebo

Rivaroxaban (all doses combined) vs placebo · adults after AMI without an indication for anticoagulation
3 findings from 1 review

Non‐vitamin‐K‐antagonist oral anticoagulants vs placebo

Dabigatran (all doses combined) vs placebo · adults after AMI without an indication for anticoagulation
3 findings from 1 review