Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

2,262 questions · 2,405 findings · 248 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 507 · 21.1%GRADE not reported 93 · 3.9%Very low 657 · 27.3%Low 708 · 29.4%Moderate 387 · 16.1%High 53 · 2.2%

Peer support vs usual care

Perceived social support · parents and carers of children with complex needs

1 finding from 1 review

Peer support interventions for parents and carers of children with complex needs 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 191 participants
Very low

Peer support vs usual care

Confidence and skill at navigating medical services · parents and carers of children with complex needs

1 finding from 1 review

Peer support interventions for parents and carers of children with complex needs 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 304 participants
Very low

Peer support vs usual care

Adverse events · parents and carers of children with complex needs

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Peer support interventions for parents and carers of children with complex needs 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Telephone support vs usual care

Quality of Life End of intervention · Informal caregivers of adults with diagnosed illnesses

1 finding from 1 review

Telephone interventions, delivered by healthcare professionals, for providing education and psychosocial support for… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 364 participants
Moderate

Telephone support vs usual care

Burden End of intervention · Informal caregivers of adults with diagnosed illnesses

1 finding from 1 review

Telephone interventions, delivered by healthcare professionals, for providing education and psychosocial support for… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
9 studies · 788 participants
Low

Telephone support vs usual care

Psychological health: Depression End of intervention · Informal caregivers of adults with diagnosed illnesses

1 finding from 1 review

Telephone interventions, delivered by healthcare professionals, for providing education and psychosocial support for… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
9 studies · 792 participants
Very low

Telephone support vs usual care

Satisfaction with the intervention End of intervention · Informal caregivers of adults with diagnosed illnesses

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Telephone interventions, delivered by healthcare professionals, for providing education and psychosocial support for… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Telephone support vs usual care

Adverse events including suicide and suicide ideation · Informal caregivers of adults with diagnosed illnesses

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Telephone interventions, delivered by healthcare professionals, for providing education and psychosocial support for… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Interventions targeting patients vs usual care or interventions of the same type

Observer‐based SDM measures · patients, including healthcare consumers and simulated patients

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for increasing the use of shared decision making by healthcare professionals 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
424 participants
Very low

Interventions targeting patients vs usual care or interventions of the same type

Shared decision making (PROM, continuous) ( · patients, including healthcare consumers and simulated patients

2 findings from 1 review

Interventions for increasing the use of shared decision making by healthcare professionals 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1906 participants
Very low
Interventions for increasing the use of shared decision making by healthcare professionals 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1386 participants
Very low

Interventions targeting patients vs usual care or interventions of the same type

Shared decision making (PROM, categorical or dichotomous) ( · patients, including healthcare consumers and simulated patients

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for increasing the use of shared decision making by healthcare professionals 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2272 participants
Very low

Interventions targeting patients vs usual care or interventions of the same type

Decision regret · patients, including healthcare consumers and simulated patients

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

2 findings from 1 review

Interventions for increasing the use of shared decision making by healthcare professionals 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Interventions for increasing the use of shared decision making by healthcare professionals 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
212 participants
Very low

Interventions targeting patients vs usual care or interventions of the same type

Health‐related quality of life (physical) · patients, including healthcare consumers and simulated patients

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

2 findings from 1 review

Interventions for increasing the use of shared decision making by healthcare professionals 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Interventions for increasing the use of shared decision making by healthcare professionals 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
116 participants
Very low

Interventions targeting patients vs usual care or interventions of the same type

Health‐related quality of life (mental) · patients, including healthcare consumers and simulated patients

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

2 findings from 1 review

Interventions for increasing the use of shared decision making by healthcare professionals 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Interventions for increasing the use of shared decision making by healthcare professionals 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
116 participants
Very low

Interventions targeting patients vs usual care or interventions of the same type

Costs · patients, including healthcare consumers and simulated patients

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

2 findings from 1 review

Interventions for increasing the use of shared decision making by healthcare professionals 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Interventions for increasing the use of shared decision making by healthcare professionals 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
105 participants
Very low

Interventions targeting patients vs usual care or interventions of the same type

Shared decision making (PROM), dichotomous measures ( · patients, including healthcare consumers and simulated patients

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for increasing the use of shared decision making by healthcare professionals 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
754 participants
Very low

Interventions targeting patients vs usual care or interventions of the same type

Consultation length (minutes) · patients, including healthcare consumers and simulated patients

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for increasing the use of shared decision making by healthcare professionals 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
224 participants
Very low

Interventions targeting patients vs usual care or interventions of the same type

Shared decision making (OBOM, continuous) (post‐visit) · patients, including healthcare consumers and simulated patients

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for increasing the use of shared decision making by healthcare professionals 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
271 participants
Very low

Professional interventions vs usual care

Hospital admissions · adults receiving medication in primary care

Professional interventions showed no clear difference in number of hospital admissions compared with standard/usual care (moderate certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Professional, structural and organisational interventions in primary care for reducing medication errors 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.24 [0.79, 1.96]
3889 participants
Moderate
Professional, structural and organisational interventions in primary care for reducing medication errors 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.99 [0.92, 1.06]
3661 participants
High

Professional interventions vs usual care

ED visits · adults receiving medication in primary care

Professional interventions showed no clear difference in number of emergency department visits compared with standard/usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Professional, structural and organisational interventions in primary care for reducing medication errors 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.71 [0.5, 1.02]
1067 participants
Low