Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

681 questions · 709 findings · 179 reviews

No studies found 180 · 25.4%GRADE not reported 51 · 7.2%Very low 194 · 27.4%Low 144 · 20.3%Moderate 110 · 15.5%High 30 · 4.2%

Fluoride mouthrinse (0.05-0.32% sodium fluoride or amine fluoride) added to daily fluoride toothpaste vs Fluoride toothpaste alone

Unacceptability of treatment (drop-outs / leaving study early) · Children and adolescents aged 16 years or less

Fluoride mouthrinse combined with fluoride toothpaste showed no clear difference in unacceptability of treatment (drop-outs / leaving study early) compared with fluoride toothpaste alone; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Fluoride varnish vs Fluoride mouthrinse

Unacceptability of treatment (drop-outs / leaving study early) · Children and adolescents aged 16 years or less

Fluoride varnish showed no clear difference in unacceptability of treatment (drop-outs) compared with fluoride mouthrinse; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Topical fluoride therapy (toothpaste, mouthrinse, gel or varnish; any fluoride agent/concentration; frequency at least once a year) vs placebo or no treatment

Unacceptability of treatment (dropouts/exclusions during the trial) · Children and adolescents aged 16 years or less

Topical fluoride therapy (toothpaste, mouthrinse, gel or varnish;… showed no clear difference in unacceptability of treatment (dropouts/exclusions during the trial) compared with placebo or no treatment; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Local anaesthetic injection vs no treatment/placebo

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · septal surgery

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

3 findings from 1 review

Local anaesthetic application via nasal packing vs no packing/packing with placebo

Additional analgesia required (escape analgesia) · septal surgery

Local anaesthetic application via nasal packing probably leads to lower requirement for additional analgesia compared with no packing/packing with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Sphenopalatine ganglion block vs no treatment/placebo

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · septal surgery

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

3 findings from 1 review