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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,653 questions in 194 reviews · Gynaecology and Fertility
current versionsNo studies 531 · 20%Ungraded 76 · 2.9%Very low 826 · 31.1%Low 855 · 32.2%Moderate 341 · 12.9%High 24 · 0.9%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
G‐CSF vs no treatment or placebo Clinical pregnancy rate per woman randomised · subfertile women undergoing assisted reproduction Granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor administration for subfertile women undergoing assisted reproduction (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.65 [1.32, 2.06] | 12 studies · 1050 participants | Very low |
G‐CSF vs no treatment or placebo Clinical pregnancy rate ‐ unselected or unstated IVF number · subfertile women undergoing assisted reproduction Granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor administration for subfertile women undergoing assisted reproduction (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.12 [0.75, 1.68] | 2 studies · 291 participants | Low |
G‐CSF vs no treatment or placebo Clinical pregnancy rate ‐ 2 or more IVF failures · subfertile women undergoing assisted reproduction Granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor administration for subfertile women undergoing assisted reproduction (2020) · Cochrane | RR 2.1 [1.53, 2.89] | 6 studies · 553 participants | Low |
G‐CSF vs no treatment or placebo Clinical pregnancy rate ‐ women with thin endometrium · subfertile women undergoing assisted reproduction Granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor administration for subfertile women undergoing assisted reproduction (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.58 [0.95, 2.63] | 4 studies · 206 participants | Low |
G‐CSF vs no treatment or placebo Multiple pregnancy rate · subfertile women undergoing assisted reproduction Granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor administration for subfertile women undergoing assisted reproduction (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
G‐CSF vs no treatment or placebo Adverse events per woman randomised · subfertile women undergoing assisted reproduction Granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor administration for subfertile women undergoing assisted reproduction (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 410 participants | Ungraded |
Any type of in‐bag morcellation vs uncontained power morcellation during laparoscopic myomectomy Composite intraoperative complications · premenopausal women undergoing laparoscopic myomectomy for uterine fibroids In‐bag manual versus uncontained power morcellation for laparoscopic myomectomy (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 176 participants | Very low |
Any type of in‐bag morcellation vs uncontained power morcellation during laparoscopic myomectomy Total operative time (minutes) · premenopausal women undergoing laparoscopic myomectomy for uterine fibroids In‐bag manual versus uncontained power morcellation for laparoscopic myomectomy (2020) · Cochrane | MD 9.93 | 2 studies · 176 participants | Very low |
Any type of in‐bag morcellation vs uncontained power morcellation during laparoscopic myomectomy Morcellation operative time (minutes) · premenopausal women undergoing laparoscopic myomectomy for uterine fibroids In‐bag manual versus uncontained power morcellation for laparoscopic myomectomy (2020) · Cochrane | MD 2.59 [0.45, 4.72] | 2 studies · 176 participants | Very low |
Any type of in‐bag morcellation vs uncontained power morcellation during laparoscopic myomectomy Ease of morcellation (scale 1 to 10; 1 = very difficult, 10 = very easy) · premenopausal women undergoing laparoscopic myomectomy for uterine fibroids In‐bag manual versus uncontained power morcellation for laparoscopic myomectomy (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 104 participants | Very low |
Any type of in‐bag morcellation vs uncontained power morcellation during laparoscopic myomectomy Postoperative diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma · premenopausal women undergoing laparoscopic myomectomy for uterine fibroids In‐bag manual versus uncontained power morcellation for laparoscopic myomectomy (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 176 participants | Very low |
GM‐CSF‐supplemented culture media vs culture media not supplemented with GM‐CSF Live birth or ongoing pregnancy · women undergoing assisted reproduction GM‐CSF (granulocyte macrophage colony‐stimulating factor) supplementation in culture media for women… (2020) · Cochrane | OR 1.19 [0.93, 1.52] | 2 studies · 1432 participants | Low |
GM‐CSF‐supplemented culture media vs culture media not supplemented with GM‐CSF Miscarriage · women undergoing assisted reproduction GM‐CSF (granulocyte macrophage colony‐stimulating factor) supplementation in culture media for women… (2020) · Cochrane | OR 0.75 [0.41, 1.36] | 2 studies · 1432 participants | Low |
GM‐CSF‐supplemented culture media vs culture media not supplemented with GM‐CSF Clinical pregnancy · women undergoing assisted reproduction GM‐CSF (granulocyte macrophage colony‐stimulating factor) supplementation in culture media for women… (2020) · Cochrane | OR 1.16 [0.93, 1.45] | 3 studies · 1532 participants | Low |
GM‐CSF‐supplemented culture media vs culture media not supplemented with GM‐CSF Multiple gestation · women undergoing assisted reproduction GM‐CSF (granulocyte macrophage colony‐stimulating factor) supplementation in culture media for women… (2020) · Cochrane | OR 1.24 [0.73, 2.1] | 2 studies · 1432 participants | Very low |
GM‐CSF‐supplemented culture media vs culture media not supplemented with GM‐CSF Preterm birth · women undergoing assisted reproduction GM‐CSF (granulocyte macrophage colony‐stimulating factor) supplementation in culture media for women… (2020) · Cochrane | OR 1.2 [0.7, 2.04] | 2 studies · 1432 participants | Very low |
GM‐CSF‐supplemented culture media vs culture media not supplemented with GM‐CSF Birth defects · women undergoing assisted reproduction GM‐CSF (granulocyte macrophage colony‐stimulating factor) supplementation in culture media for women… (2020) · Cochrane | OR 1.33 [0.59, 3.01] | 2 studies · 1432 participants | Low |
GM‐CSF‐supplemented culture media vs culture media not supplemented with GM‐CSF Aneuploidy · women undergoing assisted reproduction GM‐CSF (granulocyte macrophage colony‐stimulating factor) supplementation in culture media for women… (2020) · Cochrane | OR 0.34 [0.03, 3.26] | 2 studies · 1432 participants | Low |
GM‐CSF‐supplemented culture media vs culture media not supplemented with GM‐CSF Stillbirth · women undergoing assisted reproduction GM‐CSF (granulocyte macrophage colony‐stimulating factor) supplementation in culture media for women… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 1432 participants | Ungraded |
Combined oral contraceptive pill vs placebo Response to treatment · heavy menstrual bleeding Combined hormonal contraceptives for heavy menstrual bleeding (2019) · Cochrane | OR 22.12 [4.4, 111.12] | 2 studies · 363 participants | Moderate |
Combined oral contraceptive pill vs levonorgestrel‐releasing intrauterine system Other primary menstrual bleeding outcomes: semi‐objectively assessed menstrual blood loss, subjectively assessed menstrual blood loss · heavy menstrual bleeding Combined hormonal contraceptives for heavy menstrual bleeding (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Combined oral contraceptive pill vs levonorgestrel‐releasing intrauterine system Adverse effects ‐ Any adverse events · heavy menstrual bleeding Combined hormonal contraceptives for heavy menstrual bleeding (2019) · Cochrane | OR 1.5 [0.22, 10.14] | 1 study · 39 participants | Very low |
Combined oral contraceptive pill vs contraceptive vaginal ring Response to treatment · heavy menstrual bleeding Combined hormonal contraceptives for heavy menstrual bleeding (2019) · Cochrane | OR 0.37 [0.12, 1.17] | 1 study · 50 participants | Very low |
Combined oral contraceptive pill vs contraceptive vaginal ring Menstrual blood loss ‐ At end of treatment (MBL) · heavy menstrual bleeding Combined hormonal contraceptives for heavy menstrual bleeding (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 100 participants | Very low |
Combined oral contraceptive pill vs contraceptive vaginal ring Menstrual blood loss ‐ After 3 months · heavy menstrual bleeding Combined hormonal contraceptives for heavy menstrual bleeding (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 50 participants | Very low |
Combined oral contraceptive pill vs contraceptive vaginal ring Satisfaction with treatment · heavy menstrual bleeding Combined hormonal contraceptives for heavy menstrual bleeding (2019) · Cochrane | OR 0.38 [0.11, 1.33] | 1 study · 50 participants | Very low |
Combined oral contraceptive pill vs contraceptive vaginal ring Other primary menstrual bleeding outcomes: objectively assessed menstrual blood loss, subjectively assessed menstrual blood loss · heavy menstrual bleeding Combined hormonal contraceptives for heavy menstrual bleeding (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Combined oral contraceptive pill vs contraceptive vaginal ring Adverse events: nausea · heavy menstrual bleeding Combined hormonal contraceptives for heavy menstrual bleeding (2019) · Cochrane | OR 5.56 [1.27, 24.39] | 2 studies · 100 participants | Low |
Contraceptive vaginal ring vs progestogens Menstrual blood loss (at end of study) · heavy menstrual bleeding Combined hormonal contraceptives for heavy menstrual bleeding (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 95 participants | Very low |
Contraceptive vaginal ring vs progestogens Other primary menstrual bleeding outcomes: objectively assessed menstrual blood loss, subjectively assessed menstrual blood loss · heavy menstrual bleeding Combined hormonal contraceptives for heavy menstrual bleeding (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Combined oral contraceptive pill vs placebo Improvement in MBL (participant assessment) · heavy menstrual bleeding Combined hormonal contraceptives for heavy menstrual bleeding (2019) · Cochrane | OR 5.15 [3.16, 8.4] | 2 studies · 339 participants | Moderate |
Contraceptive vaginal ring vs progestogens Satisfaction · heavy menstrual bleeding Combined hormonal contraceptives for heavy menstrual bleeding (2019) · Cochrane | OR 3.28 [1.4, 7.67] | 1 study · 95 participants | Very low |
Contraceptive vaginal ring vs progestogens Adverse events · heavy menstrual bleeding Combined hormonal contraceptives for heavy menstrual bleeding (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Combined oral contraceptive pill vs placebo Other primary menstrual bleeding and satisfaction outcomes: semi‐objectively assessed menstrual blood loss, participant satisfaction with treatment · heavy menstrual bleeding Combined hormonal contraceptives for heavy menstrual bleeding (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Combined oral contraceptive pill vs placebo Adverse events ‐ Any adverse events (treatment‐emergent) · heavy menstrual bleeding Combined hormonal contraceptives for heavy menstrual bleeding (2019) · Cochrane | OR 2.17 [1.34, 3.5] | 2 studies · 411 participants | Moderate |
Combined oral contraceptive pill vs non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs Menstrual blood loss (end of trial values) · heavy menstrual bleeding Combined hormonal contraceptives for heavy menstrual bleeding (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 32 participants | Very low |
Combined oral contraceptive pill vs non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs Other primary menstrual bleeding and satisfaction outcomes: semi‐objectively assessed menstrual blood loss, subjectively assessed menstrual blood loss, participant satisfaction with treatment · heavy menstrual bleeding Combined hormonal contraceptives for heavy menstrual bleeding (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Combined oral contraceptive pill vs non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs Adverse events · heavy menstrual bleeding Combined hormonal contraceptives for heavy menstrual bleeding (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Combined oral contraceptive pill vs levonorgestrel‐releasing intrauterine system Treatment success (PBAC < 100 at end of treatment or no requirement for alternative treatment ) · heavy menstrual bleeding Combined hormonal contraceptives for heavy menstrual bleeding (2019) · Cochrane | OR 0.21 [0.09, 0.48] | 2 studies · 151 participants | Low |
Combined oral contraceptive pill vs levonorgestrel‐releasing intrauterine system Satisfaction with treatment · heavy menstrual bleeding Combined hormonal contraceptives for heavy menstrual bleeding (2019) · Cochrane | OR 0.29 [0.06, 1.4] | 1 study · 37 participants | Very low |
NSAIDs vs placebo (control) MBL (mL/cycle) · women with heavy menstrual bleeding Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for heavy menstrual bleeding (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 11 participants | Low |
NSAIDs vs ethamsylate (control) Proportion of women with no subjective improvement in MBL · women with heavy menstrual bleeding Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for heavy menstrual bleeding (2019) · Cochrane | OR 0.7 [0.23, 2.12] | 1 study · 50 participants | Low |
NSAIDs vs ethamsylate (control) Number of days' bleeding · women with heavy menstrual bleeding Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for heavy menstrual bleeding (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 46 participants | Low |
NSAIDs vs ethamsylate (control) Quality of life · women with heavy menstrual bleeding Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for heavy menstrual bleeding (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
NSAIDs vs danazol (control) MBL (mL/cycle) · women with heavy menstrual bleeding Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for heavy menstrual bleeding (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 79 participants | Moderate |
NSAIDs vs danazol (control) Number of days' bleeding · women with heavy menstrual bleeding Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for heavy menstrual bleeding (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 53 participants | Moderate |
NSAIDs vs danazol (control) Quality of life · women with heavy menstrual bleeding Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for heavy menstrual bleeding (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
NSAIDs vs oral progestogens (control) MBL (mL/cycle) · women with heavy menstrual bleeding Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for heavy menstrual bleeding (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 48 participants | Low |
NSAIDs vs oral progestogens (control) Number of days' bleeding · women with heavy menstrual bleeding Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for heavy menstrual bleeding (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 48 participants | Moderate |
NSAIDs vs oral progestogens (control) Quality of life · women with heavy menstrual bleeding Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for heavy menstrual bleeding (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |