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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,206 questions in 117 reviews · Common Mental Disorders
current versionsNo studies 387 · 17.5%Ungraded 111 · 5%Very low 635 · 28.8%Low 568 · 25.7%Moderate 449 · 20.4%High 56 · 2.5%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Acupuncture vs psychological therapy Adverse events measured during study treatment · clinical diagnosis of depression Acupuncture for depression (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.62 [0.29, 1.33] | 1 study · 453 participants | Low |
Acupuncture vs psychological therapy Quality of life (physical) · clinical diagnosis of depression Acupuncture for depression (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Acupuncture vs no treatment/wait list/treatment Adverse events · clinical diagnosis of depression Acupuncture for depression (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.89 [0.35, 2.24] | 1 study · 302 participants | Low |
Acupuncture vs psychological therapy Quality of life (emotional) · clinical diagnosis of depression Acupuncture for depression (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Acupuncture vs no treatment/wait list/treatment Quality of life (physical) · clinical diagnosis of depression Acupuncture for depression (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Acupuncture vs no treatment/wait list/treatment Quality of life (emotional) · clinical diagnosis of depression Acupuncture for depression (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Acupuncture vs control acupuncture Severity of depression at the end of the intervention as measured by the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) scored from 0 to 54 (lower score indicates less severe depression) · clinical diagnosis of depression Acupuncture for depression (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 14 studies · 841 participants | Low |
Acupuncture vs control acupuncture Adverse events · clinical diagnosis of depression Acupuncture for depression (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.63 [0.93, 2.86] | 5 studies · 300 participants | Moderate |
Acupuncture vs control acupuncture Quality of life (physical) at the end of treatment (higher scores indicate greater quality of life) · clinical diagnosis of depression Acupuncture for depression (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 150 participants | Moderate |
Acupuncture vs control acupuncture Quality of life (emotional) at the end of treatment (higher scores indicate greater quality of life) · clinical diagnosis of depression Acupuncture for depression (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 167 participants | Moderate |
Acupuncture vs medication Severity of depression at the end of treatment · clinical diagnosis of depression Acupuncture for depression (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 31 studies · 3127 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Depressive symptoms at end of treatment Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) or Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). BDI is a self‐report inventory including 21 questions, each answer being scored from 0 to 3 with the total score ranging from 0 to ... · heterosexual adult couples aged > 18 with a partner having a clinical diagnosis of depressive disorder Couple therapy for depression (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 9 studies · 304 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Persistence of depression at the end of treatment Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) or Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) · heterosexual adult couples aged > 18 with a partner having a clinical diagnosis of depressive disorder Couple therapy for depression (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.48 [0.32, 0.7] | 2 studies · 65 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Dropouts · heterosexual adult couples aged > 18 with a partner having a clinical diagnosis of depressive disorder Couple therapy for depression (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Relationship distress at the end of treatment Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS) or Maudsley Marital Questionnaire (MMQ). DAS is a self‐report inventory with 32 items, with the total score ranging from 0 to 151. Higher scores indicate less distress. MM... · heterosexual adult couples aged > 18 with a partner having a clinical diagnosis of depressive disorder Couple therapy for depression (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 60 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Depressive symptoms at the end of treatment Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) or Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). BDI is a self‐report inventory including 21 questions, each answer being scored from 0 to 3 with the total score ranging from 0... · heterosexual adult couples aged > 18 with a partner having a clinical diagnosis of depressive disorder Couple therapy for depression (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 34 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Persistence of depression at the end of treatment · heterosexual adult couples aged > 18 with a partner having a clinical diagnosis of depressive disorder Couple therapy for depression (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Dropouts · heterosexual adult couples aged > 18 with a partner having a clinical diagnosis of depressive disorder Couple therapy for depression (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.03 [0.07, 15.52] | 2 studies · 45 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Relationship distress at the end of treatment Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS) or Quality of Marriage Index ‐ QMI. DAS is a self‐report inventory with 32 items, with the total score ranging from 0 to 151. Higher scores indicate less distress. QMI is ... · heterosexual adult couples aged > 18 with a partner having a clinical diagnosis of depressive disorder Couple therapy for depression (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 34 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Persistence of depression at end of treatment Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) or Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) · heterosexual adult couples aged > 18 with a partner having a clinical diagnosis of depressive disorder Couple therapy for depression (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.94 [0.72, 1.22] | 6 studies · 237 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Dropouts · heterosexual adult couples aged > 18 with a partner having a clinical diagnosis of depressive disorder Couple therapy for depression (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.85 [0.51, 1.41] | 9 studies · 364 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Relationship distress at end of treatment Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS) or Maudsley Marital Questionnaire (MMQ). DAS is a self‐report inventory with 32 items, with the total score ranging from 0 to 151. Higher scores indicate less distress. MMQ is... · heterosexual adult couples aged > 18 with a partner having a clinical diagnosis of depressive disorder Couple therapy for depression (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 187 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Depressive symptoms at end of treatment Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) or Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). BDI is a self‐report inventory including 21 questions, each answer being scored from 0 to 3 with the total score ranging from 0 to ... · heterosexual adult couples aged >18 with a partner having a clinical diagnosis of depressive disorder Couple therapy for depression (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 12 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Persistence of depression at end of treatment · heterosexual adult couples aged >18 with a partner having a clinical diagnosis of depressive disorder Couple therapy for depression (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Dropouts · heterosexual adult couples aged >18 with a partner having a clinical diagnosis of depressive disorder Couple therapy for depression (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.31 [0.15, 0.61] | 2 studies · 95 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Relationship distress at post‐treatment Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS) or Maudsley Marital Questionnaire (MMQ). DAS is a self‐report inventory with 32 items, with the total score ranging from 0 to 151. Higher scores indicate less distress. MMQ is a... · heterosexual adult couples aged >18 with a partner having a clinical diagnosis of depressive disorder Couple therapy for depression (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 12 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Depressive symptoms at the end of treatment Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) or Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). BDI is a self‐report inventory including 21 questions, each answer being scored from 0 to 3 with the total score ranging from 0... · heterosexual adult couples aged > 18 with a partner having a clinical diagnosis of depressive disorder Couple therapy for depression (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 90 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Postnatal depression (17 weeks) · women with a history of postnatal depression Antidepressants for preventing postnatal depression (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.96 [0.36, 2.59] | 1 study · 51 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Overall maternal satisfaction (17 weeks) · women with a history of postnatal depression Antidepressants for preventing postnatal depression (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Improvement in the maternal relationship with the baby (17 weeks) · women with a history of postnatal depression Antidepressants for preventing postnatal depression (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Establishment or continuation of breastfeeding (17 weeks) · women with a history of postnatal depression Antidepressants for preventing postnatal depression (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Adverse effects experienced by mother and/or foetus or nursing baby · women with a history of postnatal depression Antidepressants for preventing postnatal depression (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 51 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Acceptability of treatment (17 weeks) · women with a history of postnatal depression Antidepressants for preventing postnatal depression (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 51 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Overall maternal satisfaction (17 weeks) · women with a history of postnatal depression Antidepressants for preventing postnatal depression (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Improvement in the maternal relationship with the baby (17 weeks) · women with a history of postnatal depression Antidepressants for preventing postnatal depression (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Establishment or continuation of breastfeeding (17 weeks) · women with a history of postnatal depression Antidepressants for preventing postnatal depression (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Postnatal depression (17 weeks) · women with a history of postnatal depression Antidepressants for preventing postnatal depression (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.14 [0.02, 1.07] | 1 study · 22 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Adverse effects experienced by mother and/or fetus or nursing baby · women with a history of postnatal depression Antidepressants for preventing postnatal depression (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 22 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Acceptability of treatment (17 weeks) · women with a history of postnatal depression Antidepressants for preventing postnatal depression (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 22 participants | Very low |
Antidepressant vs placebo Improvement in depression at 6‐12 weeks: HAM‐D score (continuous; standardized mean difference) · adults living with HIV and depression Antidepressants for depression in adults with HIV infection (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 357 participants | Low |
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) vs tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) Study dropouts at 6‐12 weeks · adults living with HIV and depression Antidepressants for depression in adults with HIV infection (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.81 [0.51, 1.3] | 2 studies · 64 participants | Very low |
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) vs tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) Adverse effects during antidepressant treatment period (0‐12 weeks) · adults living with HIV and depression Antidepressants for depression in adults with HIV infection (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.05 [0.67, 1.64] | 1 study · 14 participants | Very low |
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) vs atypical agent Improvement in depression at 6‐12 weeks: HAM‐D score (continuous) · adults living with HIV and depression Antidepressants for depression in adults with HIV infection (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 70 participants | Low |
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) vs atypical agent Improvement in depression at 6‐12 weeks: HAM‐D score (dichotomized) · adults living with HIV and depression Antidepressants for depression in adults with HIV infection (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.94 [0.79, 1.11] | 1 study · 70 participants | Low |
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) vs atypical agent Improvement in depression at 6‐12 weeks: CGI‐I (score of 1 or 2) · adults living with HIV and depression Antidepressants for depression in adults with HIV infection (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.78 [0.52, 1.17] | 1 study · 70 participants | Low |
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) vs atypical agent Study dropouts at 6‐12 weeks · adults living with HIV and depression Antidepressants for depression in adults with HIV infection (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.67 [0.43, 6.45] | 1 study · 70 participants | Low |
Antidepressant vs placebo Improvement in depression: HAM‐D score at 6‐12 weeks (dichotomized) · adults living with HIV and depression Antidepressants for depression in adults with HIV infection (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.1 [0.89, 1.35] | 5 studies · 434 participants | Low |
Antidepressant vs placebo Improvement in depression at 6‐12 weeks: CGI‐I (score of 1 or 2) · adults living with HIV and depression Antidepressants for depression in adults with HIV infection (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.28 [0.93, 1.77] | 4 studies · 346 participants | Low |
Antidepressant vs placebo Study dropouts at 6‐12 weeks · adults living with HIV and depression Antidepressants for depression in adults with HIV infection (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.28 [0.91, 1.8] | 4 studies · 306 participants | Moderate |
Antidepressant vs placebo Adverse effects during antidepressant treatment period (0‐12 weeks) · adults living with HIV and depression Antidepressants for depression in adults with HIV infection (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.88 [0.64, 1.21] | 2 studies · 167 participants | Very low |