Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

4,667 questions · 21,760 findings · 2,177 reviews

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No studies found 4,173 · 19.2%GRADE not reported 2,300 · 10.6%Very low 5,276 · 24.2%Low 5,764 · 26.5%Moderate 3,298 · 15.2%High 949 · 4.4%

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Pregabalin vs placebo

Seizure freedom · people with drug‐resistant focal epilepsy

1 finding from 1 review

Pregabalin add‐on for drug‐resistant focal epilepsy 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
3.94 [1.5, 10.37]
4 studies · 1125 participants
Moderate

Pregabalin vs placebo

Treatment withdrawal · people with drug‐resistant focal epilepsy

Pregabalin probably leads to higher treatment withdrawal for any reason compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pregabalin add‐on for drug‐resistant focal epilepsy 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.33 [1.1, 1.6]
9 studies · 2663 participants
Moderate

Pregabalin vs placebo

Withdrawals due to adverse events · people with drug‐resistant focal epilepsy

Pregabalin probably leads to higher treatment withdrawal due to adverse effects compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pregabalin add‐on for drug‐resistant focal epilepsy 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.6 [1.86, 3.64]
9 studies · 2663 participants
Moderate

Pregabalin vs placebo

Ataxia · people with drug‐resistant focal epilepsy

Pregabalin may leads to higher adverse effect: ataxia compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pregabalin add‐on for drug‐resistant focal epilepsy 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 3.9 [2.05, 7.42]
6 studies · 1868 participants
Low

Pregabalin vs placebo

Dizziness · people with drug‐resistant focal epilepsy

Pregabalin may leads to higher adverse effect: dizziness compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pregabalin add‐on for drug‐resistant focal epilepsy 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 3.15 [2.23, 4.44]
7 studies · 2193 participants
Low

Pregabalin vs placebo

Adverse effect: fatigue · people with drug‐resistant focal epilepsy

Pregabalin showed no clear difference in adverse effect: fatigue compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pregabalin add‐on for drug‐resistant focal epilepsy 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.35 [0.94, 1.93]
8 studies · 2448 participants
Low

Prednisone plus azathioprine vs prednisone

Disease control · bullous pemphigoid

It is very uncertain whether prednisone plus azathioprine changes disease control (at 6 months) compared with prednisone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for bullous pemphigoid 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.93 [0.52, 1.66]
1 study · 67 participants
Very low

Prednisone plus azathioprine vs prednisone

Mortality (at 6 months) · bullous pemphigoid

It is very uncertain whether prednisone plus azathioprine changes mortality (at 6 months) compared with prednisone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for bullous pemphigoid 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.03 [0.35, 3.06]
1 study · 67 participants
Very low

Prednisone plus azathioprine vs prednisone

Quality of life ‐ not measured · bullous pemphigoid

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for bullous pemphigoid 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Prednisone plus azathioprine vs prednisone

Adverse events · bullous pemphigoid

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for bullous pemphigoid 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low

Antidepressants vs placebo

Treatment success (caries lesion arrest or restoration survival) · children (4 to 18 years) with functional abdominal pain disorders

Antidepressant showed no clear difference in treatment success compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antidepressants for functional abdominal pain disorders in children and adolescents 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.17 [0.87, 1.56]
2 studies · 205 participants
Low

Antidepressants vs placebo

Withdrawals due to adverse events · children (4 to 18 years) with functional abdominal pain disorders

Antidepressant showed no clear difference in withdrawals due to adverse events compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antidepressants for functional abdominal pain disorders in children and adolescents 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 3.17 [0.65, 15.33]
3 studies · 238 participants
Low

Methylprednisolone plus azathioprine vs methylprednisolone plus dapsone

Disease control (time when steroid could be discontinued) · bullous pemphigoid

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for bullous pemphigoid 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 54 participants
Very low

Methylprednisolone plus azathioprine vs methylprednisolone plus dapsone

Mortality at 1 year · bullous pemphigoid

It is very uncertain whether methylprednisolone plus azathioprine changes mortality at 1 year compared with methylprednisolone plus dapsone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for bullous pemphigoid 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.33 [0.04, 3.01]
1 study · 54 participants
Very low

Methylprednisolone plus azathioprine vs methylprednisolone plus dapsone

Quality of life ‐ not measured · bullous pemphigoid

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for bullous pemphigoid 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Methylprednisolone plus azathioprine vs methylprednisolone plus dapsone

Adverse events at 1 year · bullous pemphigoid

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for bullous pemphigoid 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low

Omega‐3 (with risperidone and previous ASM) vs risperidone and previous ASM only

50% or greater reduction in seizure frequency · people with ADHD and epilepsy

Omega‐3 (with risperidone and previous ASM) showed no clear difference in proportion of people achieving 50% or greater reduction in monthly… compared with risperidone and previous ASM only (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Stimulant and non‐stimulant drug therapy for people with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and epilepsy 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.79 [0.84, 9.24]
1 study · 56 participants
Low

Omega‐3 (with risperidone and previous ASM) vs risperidone and previous ASM only

ADHD symptoms · people with ADHD and epilepsy

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Stimulant and non‐stimulant drug therapy for people with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and epilepsy 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Omega‐3 (with risperidone and previous ASM) vs risperidone and previous ASM only

Adverse drug events · people with ADHD and epilepsy

Omega‐3 (with risperidone and previous ASM) showed no clear difference in proportion of people experiencing adverse drug events compared with risperidone and previous ASM only (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Stimulant and non‐stimulant drug therapy for people with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and epilepsy 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.4 [0.44, 4.42]
1 study · 56 participants
Low

Omega‐3 (with risperidone and previous ASM) vs risperidone and previous ASM only

Seizure frequency · people with ADHD and epilepsy

1 finding from 1 review

Stimulant and non‐stimulant drug therapy for people with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and epilepsy 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 56 participants
Low