Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

2,973 questions · 3,072 findings · 410 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 559 · 18.2%GRADE not reported 143 · 4.7%Very low 654 · 21.3%Low 833 · 27.1%Moderate 683 · 22.2%High 200 · 6.5%

Surfactant administration via laryngeal mask airway (S‐LMA) vs no surfactant administration

Death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia · preterm infants with or at risk of respiratory distress syndrome

Surfactant administration via laryngeal mask airway (S‐LMA) showed no clear difference in death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia compared with no surfactant administration (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Surfactant administration via laryngeal mask airway (S‐LMA) vs no surfactant administration

Pulmonary air leak · preterm infants with or at risk of respiratory distress syndrome

Surfactant administration via laryngeal mask airway (S‐LMA) showed no clear difference in pulmonary air leak, any (during first hospitalisation) Anytime to… compared with no surfactant administration (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Surfactant administration via laryngeal mask airway (S‐LMA) vs no surfactant administration

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia · preterm infants with or at risk of respiratory distress syndrome

Surfactant administration via laryngeal mask airway (S‐LMA) showed no clear difference in bronchopulmonary dysplasia (clinical definition) among survivors compared with no surfactant administration (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Surfactant administration via laryngeal mask airway (S‐LMA) vs surfactant administration via endotracheal tube (ETT) with the intent to rapidly extubate (InSurE)

Pulmonary air leak · preterm infants with or at risk of respiratory distress syndrome

Surfactant administration via laryngeal mask airway (S‐LMA) showed no clear difference in pulmonary air leak, any (during first hospitalisation) Anytime to… compared with surfactant administration via endotracheal tube (ETT) with the… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Surfactant administration via laryngeal mask airway (S‐LMA) vs surfactant administration via endotracheal tube (ETT) with the intent to rapidly extubate (InSurE)

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia · preterm infants with or at risk of respiratory distress syndrome

Surfactant administration via laryngeal mask airway (S‐LMA) showed no clear difference in bronchopulmonary dysplasia (clinical definition) among survivors compared with surfactant administration via endotracheal tube (ETT) with the… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Surfactant administration via laryngeal mask airway (S‐LMA) vs surfactant administration through an endotracheal tube (S‐ETT)

Death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia · preterm infants with or at risk of respiratory distress syndrome

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled tobramycin (TNS) (28 days) vs TNS (56 days)

Frequency of infective pulmonary exacerbations: number of exacerbations per patient year · adults and children with cystic fibrosis and a positive microbiological isolate of P aeruginosa from a respiratory tract specimen

It is very uncertain whether inhaled tobramycin (TNS) (28 days) changes frequency of infective pulmonary exacerbations: number of… compared with TNS (56 days) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cycled inhaled tobramycin vs culture‐based TNS

Pulmonary exacerbations · adults and children with cystic fibrosis and a positive microbiological isolate of P aeruginosa from a respiratory tract specimen

Cycled inhaled tobramycin (TNS) probably leads to lower frequency of infective pulmonary exacerbations: proportion of… compared with culture‐based TNS (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review