Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,062 questions · 1,113 findings · 171 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 161 · 14.5%GRADE not reported 41 · 3.7%Very low 269 · 24.2%Low 321 · 28.8%Moderate 252 · 22.6%High 69 · 6.2%

Antioxidants vs placebo

Global impression of deterioration (investigator defined global impression of deterioration) · people with multiple sclerosis

Antioxidant showed no clear difference in global impression of deterioration (investigator defined global… compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antioxidants vs placebo

Number of participants with gadolinium‐enhancing T1 lesions on MRI · people with multiple sclerosis

It is very uncertain whether antioxidant changes MRI activity(assessed as number of participants with… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

PUFA vs monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA)

Global impression of deterioration (investigator defined global impression of deterioration) · people with multiple sclerosis

Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) showed no clear difference in global impression of deterioration (investigator defined global… compared with monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Omega‐3 vs omega‐6

Global impression of deterioration (investigator defined global impression of deterioration) · people with multiple sclerosis

Omega‐3 showed no clear difference in global impression of deterioration (investigator defined global… compared with omega‐6 (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Proportion of participants who experienced operative or postoperative serious adverse events · patients with multiple sclerosis and chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI)

The intervention showed no clear difference in proportion of participants who experienced operative or… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Proportion of participants who experienced improvement of composite functional endpoint over 12 months · patients with multiple sclerosis and chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI)

The intervention showed no clear difference in proportion of participants who experienced improvement of composite… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Proportion of participants who experienced new relapses over 12 months · patients with multiple sclerosis and chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI)

The intervention showed no clear difference in proportion of participants who experienced new relapses over 12 months (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review