Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

1,822 questions · 1,891 findings · 321 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 279 · 14.8%GRADE not reported 46 · 2.4%Very low 524 · 27.7%Low 571 · 30.2%Moderate 330 · 17.5%High 141 · 7.5%

Systemic corticosteroids vs placebo

Breathlessness (dyspnoea) at 1 week (intensity) Scale 0–10; lower score = less breathlessness · adults with cancer‐related breathlessness (dyspnoea)

1 finding from 1 review

Systemic corticosteroids for the management of cancer‐related breathlessness (dyspnoea) in adults 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 114 participants
Very low

IStent in combination with phacoemulsification vs phacoemulsification alone

Mean change in number of IOP‐lowering drops from baseline · open‐angle glaucoma

1 finding from 1 review

Ab interno trabecular bypass surgery with iStent for open‐angle glaucoma 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 282 participants
Very low

IStent (or iStent inject) vs medical therapy

Mean change in number of IOP‐lowering drops from baseline · open‐angle glaucoma

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Ab interno trabecular bypass surgery with iStent for open‐angle glaucoma 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Selexipag vs placebo

Cardiac index · pulmonary arterial hypertension

1 finding from 1 review

Prostacyclin for pulmonary arterial hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 43 participants
Moderate

Selexipag vs placebo

RAP · pulmonary arterial hypertension

1 finding from 1 review

Prostacyclin for pulmonary arterial hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 43 participants
Moderate

Selexipag vs placebo

Dyspnea · pulmonary arterial hypertension

1 finding from 1 review

Prostacyclin for pulmonary arterial hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 43 participants
Moderate

Prostacyclin vs control

Cardiac index · pulmonary arterial hypertension

1 finding from 1 review

Prostacyclin for pulmonary arterial hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 868 participants
Low

Prostacyclin vs control

RAP · pulmonary arterial hypertension

1 finding from 1 review

Prostacyclin for pulmonary arterial hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 1060 participants
Moderate

Prostacyclin vs control

Dyspnea · pulmonary arterial hypertension

1 finding from 1 review

Prostacyclin for pulmonary arterial hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
8 studies · 1521 participants
Low

Toric intraocular lens (IOL) vs limbal relaxing incisions (LRIs)

Visual acuity · people with astigmatism who are having cataract surgery (phacoemulsification)

1 finding from 1 review

Toric intraocular lens versus limbal relaxing incisions for corneal astigmatism after phacoemulsification 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
8 studies · 474 participants
Moderate

LABA/LAMA vs placebo

SGRQ Total SGRQ (Total) Score. Scale from: 0 to 100. Lower score indicates better quality of life. · Adults with COPD

1 finding from 1 review

Once daily long‐acting beta2‐agonists and long‐acting muscarinic antagonists in a combined inhaler versus placebo for… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
8 studies · 4952 participants
High

Interventions for involving older patients with multi‐morbidity in decision‐making about their health care vs usual care

Patient enablement and engagement (b) Morisky Medication Adherence Scale at 15 months after baseline (8‐item yes‐no survey. Range of scores from 0 to 8. Lower scores suggest non‐adherence) (Morisky 2008) · older patients with multi‐morbidity

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for involving older patients with multi‐morbidity in decision‐making during primary care consultations 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 1546 participants
Moderate

Epidural vs opioid

Maternal pain score measured during labour · women in labour

1 finding from 1 review

Epidural versus non‐epidural or no analgesia for pain management in labour 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 1133 participants
Low

Phototherapeutic keratectomy vs alcohol delamination

Painiv, SD units(lower scores indicate less pain) · people with recurrent corneal erosion syndrome without previous surgical intervention

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for recurrent corneal erosions 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 33 participants
Low

Antibiotics vs placebo or usual care

Symptom score at 10 days. Measured on a 7‐point scale (0 to 6) ; lower score denotes fewer symptoms · acute asthma exacerbation

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics for exacerbations of asthma 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 2 participants
Moderate

Altered WBRT fractionation schedules vs WBRT control

Overall survival: higher‐dose WBRT vs control (3000 cGy/10 daily fractions)No. of participants: 846(4 RCTs) · patients with newly diagnosed multiple brain metastases

Altered WBRT fractionation schedules probably leads to higher overall survival: lower‐dose WBRT vs control WBRT (3000 cGy/10 daily… compared with WBRT control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Whole brain radiotherapy for the treatment of newly diagnosed multiple brain metastases 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
HR 1.21 [1.04, 1.4]
Studies not reported
Moderate

Altered WBRT fractionation schedules vs WBRT control: neurological function improvement

Neurological function improvement: lower‐dose WBRT vs control dose WBRT (3000 cGy/10 fractions)No. of participants: 1612(5 RCTs) · patients with newly diagnosed multiple brain metastases

Altered WBRT fractionation schedules probably leads to higher neurological function improvement: lower‐dose WBRT vs control dose… compared with WBRT control: neurological function improvement (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Whole brain radiotherapy for the treatment of newly diagnosed multiple brain metastases 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.74 [1.06, 2.84]
Studies not reported
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Pain: 50% reduction in headache frequency Post‐treatment Lower scores = fewer headaches · Children and adolescents with chronic pain

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes pain: 50% reduction in headache frequency Post‐treatment Lower… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapies for the management of chronic and recurrent pain in children and adolescents 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.35 [1.67, 3.3]
15 studies · 644 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Disability Post‐treatment Lower scores = lower reported disability · Children and adolescents with chronic pain

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapies for the management of chronic and recurrent pain in children and adolescents 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
14 studies · 1226 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Anxiety Post‐treatment Lower scores = lower reported anxiety · Children and adolescents with chronic pain

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapies for the management of chronic and recurrent pain in children and adolescents 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
8 studies · 883 participants
Low