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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,280 questions in 114 reviews · Cystic Fibrosis and Genetic Disorders
current versionsNo studies 856 · 37.5%Ungraded 58 · 2.5%Very low 550 · 24.1%Low 502 · 22%Moderate 271 · 11.9%High 43 · 1.9%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Summary of findings ‐ withdrawal of penicillin prophylaxis vs continuation Compliance to treatment · children with SCD who have been receiving prophylactic penicillin for at least two years Prophylactic antibiotics for preventing pneumococcal infection in children with sickle cell disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings ‐ initiation of penicillin prophylaxis vs placebo Deaths · children with SCD Prophylactic antibiotics for preventing pneumococcal infection in children with sickle cell disease (2021) · Cochrane | OR 0.11 [0.01, 2.11] | 2 studies · 457 participants | Low |
Summary of findings ‐ initiation of penicillin prophylaxis vs placebo Adverse effects · children with SCD Prophylactic antibiotics for preventing pneumococcal infection in children with sickle cell disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 457 participants | Low |
Summary of findings ‐ initiation of penicillin prophylaxis vs placebo Antibiotic‐resistant organisms isolated · children with SCD Prophylactic antibiotics for preventing pneumococcal infection in children with sickle cell disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings ‐ initiation of penicillin prophylaxis vs placebo Requirement of other courses of antibiotics · children with SCD Prophylactic antibiotics for preventing pneumococcal infection in children with sickle cell disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings ‐ initiation of penicillin prophylaxis vs placebo Compliance to treatment · children with SCD Prophylactic antibiotics for preventing pneumococcal infection in children with sickle cell disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 215 participants | Low |
Summary of findings ‐ withdrawal of penicillin prophylaxis vs continuation Incidence of S pneumoniae Confirmed bacterial infection · children with SCD who have been receiving prophylactic penicillin for at least two years Prophylactic antibiotics for preventing pneumococcal infection in children with sickle cell disease (2021) · Cochrane | OR 0.49 [0.09, 2.71] | 1 study · 400 participants | Low |
Summary of findings ‐ withdrawal of penicillin prophylaxis vs continuation Deaths · children with SCD who have been receiving prophylactic penicillin for at least two years Prophylactic antibiotics for preventing pneumococcal infection in children with sickle cell disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 400 participants | Low |
Summary of findings ‐ withdrawal of penicillin prophylaxis vs continuation Adverse effects: incidences of nausea and vomiting · children with SCD who have been receiving prophylactic penicillin for at least two years Prophylactic antibiotics for preventing pneumococcal infection in children with sickle cell disease (2021) · Cochrane | OR 1.99 [0.18, 22.12] | 1 study · 400 participants | Low |
Summary of findings ‐ recombinant growth hormone vs placebo or no intervention Longitudinal growth: change in height SDS · children with X‐linked hypophosphataemia Recombinant growth hormone therapy for X‐linked hypophosphatemia in children (2021) · Cochrane | MD 0 | 2 studies · 20 participants | Low |
Summary of findings ‐ recombinant growth hormone vs placebo or no intervention Measures of mineral metabolism: change in serum phosphate mmol/L · children with X‐linked hypophosphataemia Recombinant growth hormone therapy for X‐linked hypophosphatemia in children (2021) · Cochrane | MD 0.18 [0.08, 0.28] | 2 studies · 20 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings ‐ recombinant growth hormone vs placebo or no intervention Measures of endocrine function function: change in levels of alkaline phosphatase IU/L · children with X‐linked hypophosphataemia Recombinant growth hormone therapy for X‐linked hypophosphatemia in children (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 20 participants | Low |
Summary of findings ‐ recombinant growth hormone vs placebo or no intervention Measures of renal function: change in TmP/GFR · children with X‐linked hypophosphataemia Recombinant growth hormone therapy for X‐linked hypophosphatemia in children (2021) · Cochrane | MD 0.01 | 2 studies · 20 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings ‐ recombinant growth hormone vs placebo or no intervention Body proportions: sitting height SDS · children with X‐linked hypophosphataemia Recombinant growth hormone therapy for X‐linked hypophosphatemia in children (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 15 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings ‐ recombinant growth hormone vs placebo or no intervention Adverse effects · children with X‐linked hypophosphataemia Recombinant growth hormone therapy for X‐linked hypophosphatemia in children (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 20 participants | Low |
Inhalation of dornase alfa before vs after airway clearance techniques FEV1 (% predicted) change from baseline · adults and children with cystic fibrosis Timing of dornase alfa inhalation for cystic fibrosis (2021) · Cochrane | MD 0.83 | 102 participants | Very low |
Morning vs evening inhalation of dornase alfa Adverse effects · adults and children with cystic fibrosis Timing of dornase alfa inhalation for cystic fibrosis (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 25 participants | Low |
Inhalation of dornase alfa before vs after airway clearance techniques FVC (% predicted) change from baseline · adults and children with cystic fibrosis Timing of dornase alfa inhalation for cystic fibrosis (2021) · Cochrane | MD 1.06 | 77 participants | Low |
Inhalation of dornase alfa before vs after airway clearance techniques Measures of QoL and symptom scores · adults and children with cystic fibrosis Timing of dornase alfa inhalation for cystic fibrosis (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 102 participants | Very low |
Inhalation of dornase alfa before vs after airway clearance techniques FEF25-75 (% predicted) · adults and children with cystic fibrosis Timing of dornase alfa inhalation for cystic fibrosis (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 25 participants | Low |
Inhalation of dornase alfa before vs after airway clearance techniques Adverse effects · adults and children with cystic fibrosis Timing of dornase alfa inhalation for cystic fibrosis (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 102 participants | Very low |
Morning vs evening inhalation of dornase alfa FEV1 (% predicted) change from baseline · adults and children with cystic fibrosis Timing of dornase alfa inhalation for cystic fibrosis (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 25 participants | Low |
Morning vs evening inhalation of dornase alfa FVC (% predicted) change from baseline · adults and children with cystic fibrosis Timing of dornase alfa inhalation for cystic fibrosis (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 25 participants | Low |
Morning vs evening inhalation of dornase alfa Measures of QoL and symptom scores · adults and children with cystic fibrosis Timing of dornase alfa inhalation for cystic fibrosis (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 25 participants | Low |
Morning vs evening inhalation of dornase alfa FEF25-75 (% predicted) · adults and children with cystic fibrosis Timing of dornase alfa inhalation for cystic fibrosis (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Isoxsuprine vs placebo Complete leg ulcer closure (defined as 100% epithelization or skin closure without drainage) · individuals with sickle cell disease and a leg ulcer Interventions for treating leg ulcers in people with sickle cell disease (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.2 [0.4, 3.62] | 1 study · 40 participants | Very low |
Arginine butyrate plus standard care alone vs standard care alone Change in ulcer size (surface area or volume) · individuals with sickle cell disease and a leg ulcer Interventions for treating leg ulcers in people with sickle cell disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 23 participants | Very low |
Arginine butyrate plus standard care alone vs standard care alone Ulcer‐free survival following treatment for SCLU (free from leg ulcer recurrence) ‐ not reported · individuals with sickle cell disease and a leg ulcer Interventions for treating leg ulcers in people with sickle cell disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Arginine butyrate plus standard care alone vs standard care alone Quality of life ‐ not reported · individuals with sickle cell disease and a leg ulcer Interventions for treating leg ulcers in people with sickle cell disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Arginine butyrate plus standard care alone vs standard care alone Amputation ‐ not reported · individuals with sickle cell disease and a leg ulcer Interventions for treating leg ulcers in people with sickle cell disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Arginine butyrate plus standard care alone vs standard care alone Adverse events · individuals with sickle cell disease and a leg ulcer Interventions for treating leg ulcers in people with sickle cell disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 23 participants | Ungraded |
Propionyl‐L‐carnitine vs placebo Complete leg ulcer closure (defined as 100% epithelization or skin closure without drainage) ‐ not reported · individuals with sickle cell disease and a leg ulcer Interventions for treating leg ulcers in people with sickle cell disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Propionyl‐L‐carnitine vs placebo Time to ulcer closure ‐ not reported · individuals with sickle cell disease and a leg ulcer Interventions for treating leg ulcers in people with sickle cell disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Propionyl‐L‐carnitine vs placebo Change in ulcer size (surface area or volume) · individuals with sickle cell disease and a leg ulcer Interventions for treating leg ulcers in people with sickle cell disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 15 participants | Very low |
Propionyl‐L‐carnitine vs placebo Ulcer‐free survival following treatment for SCLU (free from leg ulcer recurrence) ‐ not reported · individuals with sickle cell disease and a leg ulcer Interventions for treating leg ulcers in people with sickle cell disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Propionyl‐L‐carnitine vs placebo Quality of life ‐ not reported · individuals with sickle cell disease and a leg ulcer Interventions for treating leg ulcers in people with sickle cell disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Isoxsuprine vs placebo Time to ulcer closure ‐ not reported · individuals with sickle cell disease and a leg ulcer Interventions for treating leg ulcers in people with sickle cell disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Propionyl‐L‐carnitine vs placebo Amputation ‐ not reported · individuals with sickle cell disease and a leg ulcer Interventions for treating leg ulcers in people with sickle cell disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Propionyl‐L‐carnitine vs placebo Adverse events ‐ not measured · individuals with sickle cell disease and a leg ulcer Interventions for treating leg ulcers in people with sickle cell disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
RGD peptide matrix vs placebo Complete closureUlcer area was determined by computerized planimetry · individuals with sickle cell disease and leg ulcer Interventions for treating leg ulcers in people with sickle cell disease (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.4 [0.15, 1.04] | 1 study · 55 participants | Very low |
RGD peptide matrix vs placebo Time to ulcer closure ‐ not reported · individuals with sickle cell disease and leg ulcer Interventions for treating leg ulcers in people with sickle cell disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
RGD peptide matrix vs placebo Change in size ulcers healed ‐ not reported · individuals with sickle cell disease and leg ulcer Interventions for treating leg ulcers in people with sickle cell disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
RGD peptide matrix vs placebo Ulcer‐free survival following treatment for SCLU (free from leg ulcer recurrence) ‐ not reported · individuals with sickle cell disease and leg ulcer Interventions for treating leg ulcers in people with sickle cell disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
RGD peptide matrix vs placebo Quality of life ‐ not reported · individuals with sickle cell disease and leg ulcer Interventions for treating leg ulcers in people with sickle cell disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
RGD peptide matrix vs placebo Amputation ‐ not reported · individuals with sickle cell disease and leg ulcer Interventions for treating leg ulcers in people with sickle cell disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
RGD peptide matrix vs placebo Adverse events · individuals with sickle cell disease and leg ulcer Interventions for treating leg ulcers in people with sickle cell disease (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.76 [0.5, 1.17] | 1 study · 55 participants | Very low |
Solcoseryl vs antiseptic agent Complete leg ulcer closure ‐ not reported · individuals with sickle cell disease and leg ulcer Interventions for treating leg ulcers in people with sickle cell disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Isoxsuprine vs placebo Change in ulcer size (surface area or volume) · individuals with sickle cell disease and a leg ulcer Interventions for treating leg ulcers in people with sickle cell disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 40 participants | Very low |
Solcoseryl vs antiseptic agent Time to closure ‐ not reported · individuals with sickle cell disease and leg ulcer Interventions for treating leg ulcers in people with sickle cell disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Solcoseryl vs antiseptic agent Change in ulcer size (surface area or volume) · individuals with sickle cell disease and leg ulcer Interventions for treating leg ulcers in people with sickle cell disease (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 35 participants | Very low |