Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

2,261 questions · 2,280 findings · 114 reviews · Cystic Fibrosis and Genetic Disorders

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No studies found 856 · 37.5%GRADE not reported 58 · 2.5%Very low 550 · 24.1%Low 502 · 22%Moderate 271 · 11.9%High 43 · 1.9%

Summary of findings: ACBT vs CCPT

Sputum weight (change from baseline) · adults and children with cystic fibrosis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Active cycle of breathing technique for cystic fibrosis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings: ACBT vs CCPT

Pulmonary exacerbations · adults and children with cystic fibrosis

Summary of findings: ACBT showed no clear difference in number of pulmonary exacerbations compared with CCPT (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Active cycle of breathing technique for cystic fibrosis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.64 [0.62, 4.34]
1 study · 63 participants
Low

Summary of findings: ACBT vs PEP mask therapy

Quality of life (change from baseline) in SF‐36 score and CRQ score · adults and children with cystic fibrosis

1 finding from 1 review

Active cycle of breathing technique for cystic fibrosis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 30 participants
Very low

Summary of findings: ACBT vs PEP mask therapy

Personal preference · adults and children with cystic fibrosis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Active cycle of breathing technique for cystic fibrosis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Bisphosphonates vs placebo or no treatment

BMD Z score (total hip/femoral neck) · adults with β‐thalassaemia and osteoporosis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Treatment for osteoporosis in people with beta‐thalassaemia 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

BMD Z score (wrist) Â · people with β‐thalassaemia and osteoporosis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Treatment for osteoporosis in people with beta‐thalassaemia 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Incidence of fractures · people with β‐thalassaemia and osteoporosis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Treatment for osteoporosis in people with beta‐thalassaemia 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Mobility · people with β‐thalassaemia and osteoporosis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Treatment for osteoporosis in people with beta‐thalassaemia 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Quality of life · people with β‐thalassaemia and osteoporosis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Treatment for osteoporosis in people with beta‐thalassaemia 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Adverse effects of treatment · people with β‐thalassaemia and osteoporosis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Treatment for osteoporosis in people with beta‐thalassaemia 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Zinc vs placebo

BMD Z score (total hip/femoral neck) · children and adults with β‐thalassaemia major and low bone mass

Summary of findings – zinc probably leads to higher BMD Z score (total hip/femoral neck) compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Treatment for osteoporosis in people with beta‐thalassaemia 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
MD 0.15 [0.11, 0.19]
1 study · 37 participants
Moderate

Zinc vs placebo

BMD Z score (lumbar spine) · children and adults with β‐thalassaemia major and low bone mass

Summary of findings – zinc probably leads to higher BMD Z score (lumbar spine) compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Treatment for osteoporosis in people with beta‐thalassaemia 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
MD 0.15 [0.1, 0.2]
1 study · 37 participants
Moderate

Zinc vs placebo

BMD Z score (wrist) · children and adults with β‐thalassaemia major and low bone mass

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Treatment for osteoporosis in people with beta‐thalassaemia 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Zinc vs placebo

Incidence of fractures · children and adults with β‐thalassaemia major and low bone mass

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Treatment for osteoporosis in people with beta‐thalassaemia 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Zinc vs placebo

Mobility · children and adults with β‐thalassaemia major and low bone mass

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Treatment for osteoporosis in people with beta‐thalassaemia 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Bisphosphonates vs placebo or no treatment

BMD Z score (lumbar spine) · adults with β‐thalassaemia and osteoporosis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Treatment for osteoporosis in people with beta‐thalassaemia 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Zinc vs placebo

Quality of life · children and adults with β‐thalassaemia major and low bone mass

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Treatment for osteoporosis in people with beta‐thalassaemia 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Zinc vs placebo

Adverse effects of treatment · children and adults with β‐thalassaemia major and low bone mass

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Treatment for osteoporosis in people with beta‐thalassaemia 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings – denosumab vs placebo

BMD Z score (total hip/femoral neck) · adults with β‐thalassaemia and low bone mass

Summary of findings – denosumab showed no clear difference in BMD Z score (total hip/femoral neck) compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Treatment for osteoporosis in people with beta‐thalassaemia 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
MD 0.05
1 study · 63 participants
Low

Summary of findings – denosumab vs placebo

BMD Z score (lumbar spine) · adults with β‐thalassaemia and low bone mass

Summary of findings – denosumab showed no clear difference in BMD Z score (lumbar spine) compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Treatment for osteoporosis in people with beta‐thalassaemia 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 63 participants
Low