Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

3,288 questions · 3,354 findings · 516 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 720 · 21.5%GRADE not reported 164 · 4.9%Very low 950 · 28.3%Low 932 · 27.8%Moderate 434 · 12.9%High 154 · 4.6%

Comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) vs usual care

Serious adverse events (falls) Median · older people at risk of poor health outcomes

It is very uncertain whether comprehensive Geriatric Assessment changes serious adverse events (falls) Median compared with usual care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Uric acid lowering therapies (UAR) vs Placebo, no intervention or usual care (with or without placebo)

Cardiovascular events · people with CKD

Uric acid lowering therapies (UAR) showed no clear difference in cardiovascular events compared with placebo, no treatment or usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Electrical stimulation plus surgery vs surgery

Cure: number of women with self‐reported continence · women with stress urinary incontinence

It is very uncertain whether electrical stimulation plus surgery changes cure: number of women with self‐reported continence compared with surgery (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Electrical stimulation plus surgery vs surgery

Improvement: number of women with self‐reported improvement in SUI (cured or improved) · women with stress urinary incontinence

It is very uncertain whether electrical stimulation plus surgery changes improvement: number of women with self‐reported improvement in SUI… compared with surgery (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

NMES vs exercise

Knee pain (short term) VAS scale: 0 to 10; higher score = worse pain. · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 4 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 6 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 8 weeks (1 study); not…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

NMES vs exercise

Knee function (short term) · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 4 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 6 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 8 weeks (1 study); not…

It is very uncertain whether neuromuscular electrical stimulation changes knee function (short term) Arpège function scale (0 to 18; higher… compared with exercise (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Perioperative restrictive fluid therapy vs goal‐directed fluid therapy

Major complications · adults receiving intravenous fluids while undergoing major non‐cardiac surgery

It is very uncertain whether perioperative restrictive fluid therapy changes major complications (during longest compared with goal‐directed fluid therapy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review