What do systematic reviews say?

Early vs late drain removal following pancreatic surgery

It is very uncertain whether early changes intra‐abdominal infection compared with late drain removal following pancreatic surgery (very low certainty).

• Prophylactic abdominal drainage for pancreatic surgery 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.44 [0.22, 0.89]
  2 studies · 285 participants
  Very low

Early vs late drain removal following pancreatic surgery

It is very uncertain whether early changes wound infection compared with late drain removal following pancreatic surgery (very low certainty).

• Prophylactic abdominal drainage for pancreatic surgery 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.32 [0.45, 3.85]
  2 studies · 285 participants
  Very low

Early vs late drain removal following pancreatic surgery

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Prophylactic abdominal drainage for pancreatic surgery 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Early vs late drain removal following pancreatic surgery

It is very uncertain whether early changes morbidity compared with late drain removal following pancreatic surgery (very low certainty).

• Prophylactic abdominal drainage for pancreatic surgery 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.49 [0.3, 0.81]
  2 studies · 258 participants
  Very low

Early vs late drain removal following pancreatic surgery

It is very uncertain whether early changes length of hospital stay compared with late drain removal following pancreatic surgery (very low certainty).

• Prophylactic abdominal drainage for pancreatic surgery 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 399 participants
  Very low

Drain use vs No drain

It is very uncertain whether drain use changes intra‐abdominal infection compared with no drain use following pancreatic surgery (very low certainty).

• Prophylactic abdominal drainage for pancreatic surgery 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.97 [0.52, 1.8]
  4 studies · 1055 participants
  Very low

Drain use vs No drain

Drain use showed no clear difference in wound infection compared with no drain use following pancreatic surgery (low certainty).

• Prophylactic abdominal drainage for pancreatic surgery 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.98 [0.68, 1.41]
  4 studies · 1055 participants
  Low

Drain use vs No drain

• Prophylactic abdominal drainage for pancreatic surgery 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 179 participants
  Low

Drain use vs No drain

Drain use showed no clear difference in morbidity compared with no drain use following pancreatic surgery (moderate certainty).

• Prophylactic abdominal drainage for pancreatic surgery 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.03 [0.94, 1.13]
  4 studies · 1055 participants
  Moderate

Drain use vs No drain

Drain use showed no clear difference in length of hospital stay compared with no drain use following pancreatic surgery (low certainty).

• Prophylactic abdominal drainage for pancreatic surgery 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 876 participants
  Low

Active drain vs passive drain

It is very uncertain whether active drain changes mortality compared with passive drain following pancreatic surgery (very low certainty).

• Prophylactic abdominal drainage for pancreatic surgery 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.23 [0.3, 5.06]
  2 studies · 382 participants
  Very low
• Prophylactic abdominal drainage for pancreatic surgery 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intravenous vs intramuscular oxytocin

Intravenous showed no clear difference in severe PPH ≥ 1000 mL compared with intramuscular oxytocin (moderate certainty).

• Intravenous versus intramuscular prophylactic oxytocin for reducing blood loss in the third stage of labour 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.65 [0.39, 1.08]
  4 studies · 6681 participants
  Moderate

Intravenous vs intramuscular oxytocin

Intravenous showed no clear difference in serious maternal morbidity compared with intramuscular oxytocin (moderate certainty).

• Intravenous versus intramuscular prophylactic oxytocin for reducing blood loss in the third stage of labour 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.47 [0.22, 1]
  4 studies · 7028 participants
  Moderate

Intravenous vs intramuscular oxytocin

• Intravenous versus intramuscular prophylactic oxytocin for reducing blood loss in the third stage of labour 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 7028 participants
  Very low

Intravenous vs intramuscular oxytocin

Intravenous leads to lower PPH ≥ 500 mL compared with intramuscular oxytocin (high certainty).

• Intravenous versus intramuscular prophylactic oxytocin for reducing blood loss in the third stage of labour 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.78 [0.66, 0.92]
  6 studies · 7731 participants
  High

Intravenous vs intramuscular oxytocin

Intravenous showed no clear difference in use of additional uterotonics compared with intramuscular oxytocin (low certainty).

• Intravenous versus intramuscular prophylactic oxytocin for reducing blood loss in the third stage of labour 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.78 [0.49, 1.25]
  6 studies · 7327 participants
  Low

Intravenous vs intramuscular oxytocin

Intravenous leads to lower blood transfusion compared with intramuscular oxytocin (high certainty).

• Intravenous versus intramuscular prophylactic oxytocin for reducing blood loss in the third stage of labour 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.44 [0.26, 0.77]
  4 studies · 6684 participants
  High

Intravenous vs intramuscular oxytocin

Intravenous showed no clear difference in hypotension compared with intramuscular oxytocin (moderate certainty).

• Intravenous versus intramuscular prophylactic oxytocin for reducing blood loss in the third stage of labour 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.01 [0.88, 1.15]
  4 studies · 6468 participants
  Moderate

Any glucocorticoid vs placebo

Glucocorticoid showed no clear difference in in‐hospital postoperative mortality compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Prophylactic corticosteroids for paediatric heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.83 [0.33, 2.07]
  5 studies · 313 participants
  Moderate

Any glucocorticoid vs placebo

• Prophylactic corticosteroids for paediatric heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  6 studies · 421 participants
  High